Dissertation - World Federation of Music Therapy

of treatment on depression were found, and the size of the effect of treatment on
depression was small at post-test (ES = 0.29), and medium to large at follow-up (ES =
0.72). While the results of non-parametric analysis revealed a significant effect on
anxiety only at follow up, and no significant effect was found on depression, the
effect size calculations suggest there is a treatment effect over time which, while it
should not be generalised further, was evidently important for the effects of BMGIM
on anxiety and depression for these subjects. The results from the EORTC QLQ-C30
questionnaire found increases in mean score in the functional scales and the quality of
life subscale, and decreases in mean scores in most of the symptom scales. However,
individual differences between participants were many, and no significant effects
were found. The results from the SOC revealed that the total individual raw scores
and mean score for all six participants increased, three of them markedly, and a
significant overall effect was found at both post-test (p = .028) and follow-up (p =
0.27). Of the three subscales, Comprehensibility improved markedly at post-test and
follow-up, while Manageability improved slightly at post-test, but the effect reduced
at follow-up. Significant effects were found from pre-test to both post-test and follow-
up for overall SOC mean scores and for the Comprehensibility subscale. Effect sizes
were small to medium (Pre-post ES = 0.62) and Pre-F-U ES = 0.41). The results
indicate better coping and improved life quality. The scores in the specific
questionnaires subjectively reporting the value of BMGIM of all participants
indicated that music and imagery had “very much” meaning for them. All participants
indicated the music therapy helped them with ‘going on’ with their lives, four of the
participants reporting “very much”, and two of them reporting “to a certain extent”.
Results from the qualitative data analyses (chapters 6,7 and 8) included grounded
theory analyses of interviews, images and metaphors, and the music selections;
hermeneutic analysis of image configuration; and two comprehensive case studies. In
the analysis of the semi-structured interviews with the six participants (chapter 6) the
following core categories emerged, describing the experienced meaning of the
therapeutic process: New perspectives on past/present/future (all 6 participants),
Enhanced coping (6 participants), Improved mood and Quality of life (6), Enhanced
Hope (6), Improved understanding of self (6), (New) Love of music (5 /6), Coming to
terms with life and death (5/6), Opening towards spirituality (3/6).
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