Dissertation - World Federation of Music Therapy
Dissertation - World Federation of Music Therapy
Dissertation - World Federation of Music Therapy
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4. METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................................119<br />
4.1 Multiple methodology – an epistemological challenge.........................................................119<br />
A note on my personal background ...................................................................................120<br />
4.1.1 Problems and potentials in using multiple methods – the epistemological level ................122<br />
4.1.2 Ontological implications <strong>of</strong> using multiple methods. .........................................................124<br />
4.2 Participants...........................................................................................................................128<br />
4.3 Clinical setting, therapeutic procedure and materials..........................................................130<br />
4.4 Design ...................................................................................................................................132<br />
4.5 Data analysis: The quantitative investigation.......................................................................137<br />
4.6 Data analysis: The qualitative investigation.........................................................................138<br />
5. RESULTS OF THE QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATION .........................................................................143<br />
Introduction .................................................................................................................................143<br />
5.1 Effects <strong>of</strong> BMGIM on anxiety and depression.......................................................................143<br />
5.2 Effects <strong>of</strong> BMGIM on quality <strong>of</strong> life. EORTC-QLQ-C30 ......................................................147<br />
5.3 Effects <strong>of</strong> BMGIM on quality <strong>of</strong> life. SOC.............................................................................153<br />
5.4 Value <strong>of</strong> BMGIM therapy to participants: Four specific questions ......................................160<br />
5.5 Discussion.............................................................................................................................161<br />
5.6 Summary <strong>of</strong> the results..........................................................................................................162<br />
6. RESULTS FROM THE QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION.......................................................................165<br />
Introduction: Data material, methods, and reporting in chapters 6-8.................................165<br />
6.1 The interview study ...............................................................................................................166<br />
6.2 A grounded theory study <strong>of</strong> the imagery and the metaphors.................................................178<br />
7. TWO CASE STUDIES. A MIMETIC ANALYSIS AND A GROUNDED THEORY PROPOSAL.......................189<br />
Introduction..........................................................................................................................189<br />
7.1 Case study: PIJØ ..................................................................................................................191<br />
7.2 Case study: INLA ..................................................................................................................204<br />
7.3 Similarities and differences...................................................................................................218<br />
Summary ...........................................................................................................................................221<br />
7.4 A grounded theory <strong>of</strong> six participants’ experiences <strong>of</strong> the BMGIM process.........................222<br />
8. ANALYSIS OF MUSIC AND IMAGERY..............................................................................................229<br />
8.1 Literature review...................................................................................................................229<br />
8.1.1 Qualitative music research..................................................................................................231<br />
8.1.2 Qualitative methods focusing on improvisations in active music therapy. .........................235<br />
8.1.3 Qualitative methods focusing on composed/recorded music in receptive music therapy ...239<br />
8.1.4 Qualitative methods used in GIM .......................................................................................242<br />
8.2 Method ..................................................................................................................................246<br />
8.3 Analysis <strong>of</strong> the interrelationship <strong>of</strong> music and imagery ........................................................248<br />
8.3.1 Analysis I: Brahms Violin Concerto, Bach Concerto for 2 violins, slow movements.........248<br />
8.3.2 Analysis II: Content analysis <strong>of</strong> selected music and episodes.............................................286<br />
8.3.3 Analysis III: Supportive vs. Challenging <strong>Music</strong> .................................................................301<br />
8.4 A grounded theory <strong>of</strong> the relationship between music and imagery. ....................................306<br />
9. DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................311<br />
9.1 Findings ................................................................................................................................312<br />
9.1.1 The efficacy <strong>of</strong> BMGIM in cancer rehabilitation................................................................312<br />
9.1.2 The participants’ experience <strong>of</strong> BMGIM............................................................................313<br />
9.1.3 The role <strong>of</strong> music and imagery ...........................................................................................315<br />
9.2 Findings in relation to previous research and the theoretical basis.....................................317<br />
9.2.1 The overall efficacy <strong>of</strong> BMGIM in cancer rehabilitation...................................................317<br />
9.2.3 Findings related to the theoretical basis..............................................................................323<br />
9.3 Limitations ............................................................................................................................337<br />
9.3.1 The role <strong>of</strong> the therapeutic relationship ..............................................................................337<br />
9.3.2 The relationship between music and imagery.....................................................................340<br />
9.3.3 Supportive vs. challenging music .......................................................................................340<br />
9.3.4 Validity and reliability issues raised by the participants.....................................................344<br />
9.4 The development <strong>of</strong> new theoretical and methodological ideas based on the results ...........347<br />
9.4.1 Appraisal <strong>of</strong> the multiple method design used in the study.................................................347<br />
9.4.2 Heuristic music analysis as compared to other types <strong>of</strong> music analysis..............................349<br />
9.5 Clinical applicability <strong>of</strong> the findings.....................................................................................356