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solids
powder, multiple-rod or other form. Some definitions
questionably exclude non-monolithic forms.
solids In ag-aviation, non-liquid chemicals, eg powders,
dusts and granules.
solid-shaft engine Not free turbine.
solid-state bonding Joining [welding] in which no part of
the workpiece is melted; see diffusion bonding, friction
welding and inertia welding.
solid-state devices Electronic devices using properties of
solids, especially semiconductors.
solid-state oxygen Alkali-metal chlorates which can
readily be made to yield free oxygen.
solid surface RF reflector, esp. for very large aerial,
whose reflective surface is not wire mesh but aluminium
sheet.
solid target Not banner or drogue but towed aerodyne.
solid wire Single tinned or galvanised steel wire.
SOLL, Soll Special operations, lo-level.
solo According to some definitions, pilot flying unaccompanied
by instructor, but this could admit
passengers; invariably means pilot is only human
occupant of aircraft.
solstice Either of two points on ecliptic furthest from
celestial equator, direction of Sun’s centre at maximum
declination; N hemisphere is summer *, about 22 June; S
hemisphere is winter *, about 23 December.
solstitial colure Celestial great circle through poles and
solstices.
solution heat treatment First stage of heat treatment of
certain light alloys in which salt bath (often
NaNO 3 /KNO 3 ) is used for accurate heating followed by
room-temperature cooling or quenching.
solvent extraction Various processes in which solvents,
often hydrocarbons, eg propane, are used to separate
lube-oil products from pipe-still distillates. Other meanings
in processing of coal.
SOM 1 Stand-off missile.
2 Simulation object model.
3 Search on the move [sensor].
4 Servo optical mechanical.
5 System operator manual.
6 Side oblique mode.
somatic Affecting exposed individual only, as distinct
from offspring.
somatogravic Relating the human body to acceleration;
* illusion is dangerous feeling that overshooting aircraft
(especially jet) is entering steep climb when it is actually
very close to ground.
Sommerfield matting Mass-produced airfield pavement
in form of 75 ft (22.86 m) rolls of 13 SWG wire mesh reinforced
at 8 in (203 mm) intervals by steel rod with hooked
end linking to adjacent strip (UK, WW2).
SON 1 Statement of operational need; regarded as a
statement of deficiency.
2 Silicon-on-nothing, Mosfet supported at edges only.
sonar From sound navigation and ranging. Use of word
as method of communication under water, detection of
surface or submerged targets and measurement of range,
and in some cases bearing and relative speed. Analogous
to radar, and similarly may be active (emitting highenergy
sound waves of tailored form, eg from *
transducer) and working with reflections from all
submerged objects, or passive, in which receivers listen for
sounds emitted from targets.
SOPC
sonar capsule Device giving enhanced echoes to sonar to
assist location of marine object, eg floating RV or space
payload.
sonar transducer Translates electrical energy into highintensity
sound, normally used in multiple to form a sonar
stave (typically radiating 500-1,000 W), which in turn is
used in multiple to form 360° or directional array.
SoNC School of Naval Co-operation.
sonde Airborne telemetry system, to transmit meteorological
or other atmospheric data.
sone Primitive unit of perceived noise equal to that from
simple 1 kHz tone 40 dB above listener’s threshold.
Subjective judgement of any sound enables it to be
expressed in sones (0.001 * = millisone); useless for noise
investigation (see noise).
sonic 1 Pertaining to local speed of sound.
2 Approximately at local speed of sound.
sonic bang Noise heard as shockwave(s) from supersonic
object pass hearer’s ears; small object at close range
generates sharp crack, normal aircraft at close range one
or more loud bangs (resembling close thunder) and
distant SST dull boom(s) resembling distant thunder (see
boom signature). Crack of a whip and natural thunder are
both examples.
sonic barrier See sound barrier.
sonic boom See boom, sonic bang.
sonic drilling See ultrasonic machining.
sonic erosion See ultrasonic machining.
sonic fatigue Suffered by structure, especially thin sheet,
subject to intense sound.
sonic line Curved surface above or below wing or other
body which has accelerated flow beyond Mach 1, at which
M = 1, enclosing region of supersonic flow terminated at
rear by shockwave.
sonics 1 Aggregate of installed sonars, sonobuoys and
displays in platform, eg in aircraft.
2 Technology of applying sound to functions other
than those related to hearing.
sonic soldering See ultrasonic bonding.
sonic speed Local speed of sound, symbol a.
sonic venturi Venturi in which sonic speed is reached at
throat, thereby automatically limiting maximum flow (eg
in bleed systems).
Sonne Pioneer German long-range navaid, developed
from radio range, became Consolan.
sonobuoy Discrete sonar devices immersed or dropped
into water; can be active (emitting) or passive, directional
or non-directional, and except when dunked by helicopter
normally provide readout by radio, usually upon
command.
sonodunking Action of dunking permanently attached
sonobuoy.
Sons, SONS Self-organised nanostructure[s].
SOO Standard operations (or operational) orders.
SOON, Soon Solar-observatory optical network
(USAF).
Sootie Fitter, Engines [c1955–90] (RAF colloq).
SOP 1 Standard operating, or operational, procedure,
or platform, or practice.
2 Confusingly, special operating procedure[s].
SoP Standard of preparation.
SOPA Standard operating procedure amplified.
SOPC Shuttle Operations and Planning Complex
(USAF).
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