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airport surface detection/movement
airport surface detection/movement See ASDE, ASMI.
airport surveillance radar Approach-control radar used
to display position of all traffic in TMA [up to
60 miles/100 km] providing range/azimuth but not height
(FAA).
airport traffic area Unless otherwise designated (FAR
Pt 93), airspace within 5 miles of geographical centre of
airport with TWR operating, extending up to, but not
including, 3,000 ft AAL (FAA).
airport traffic control service ATC service provided by
airport TWR for aircraft operating on movement area
and in vicinity (FAA).
airport traffic control tower Facility providing airport
ATC service (FAA).
air position Georgraphical position airborne aircraft
would occupy if entire flight was made in still air; point
derived by plotting Hdg. and TAS.
Air Proving Ground Command USAAF/USAF establishment
at Eglin AFB for testing weapons, became
AFDTC June 1957.
air-position indicator, API Instrument which continuously
senses Hdg. and TAS (usually not allowing for
compressibility error) to indicate current air position.
airprox Unintended near-miss by two airborne aircraft,
considered sufficiently dangerous to be reported (UK
term for airmiss).
air rage Anti-social behaviour [usually caused by
alcohol or drugs] by airline passenger.
air raid Aerial attack on surface target, esp. against civil
population.
Air Rank Senior to Group Captain; Air Officer, equivalent
to naval Flag Officer.
Air Refuelling Control Office responsible for planning
route [including choice of flight levels] and arranging
optimum locations for tankers, if over US including
CARF clearance (RAF).
air refuelling control point Location in space at which
boom-type tanker is 1,000 ft higher than receiver, heading
on reciprocal 9 to 11 miles away laterally and 22 to 29
miles away longitudinally, whereupon 180° turn inwards
is started.
air report, AIREP Meteorological report sent by
aircraft in flight.
air-riding seal Air or gas seal around a rotating shaft in
the form of a [usually refractory] element which in operation
lifts just clear of the shaft surface and runs on a
cushion of air induced dynamically.
air route Defined airspace between two geographical
points, subject to navigational regulations. See airway.
air route surveillance Surface radar giving display(s)
showing geographical position and height of all traffic
along designated civil route (usually airway).
air route traffic control centre, ARTCC Facility
providing ATC service to aircraft operating on IFR flight
plan in controlled airspace and principally during en route
phase (FAA).
air-run landing Final deceleration in ground effect
followed by vertical landing (fixed-wing V/STOL).
air-run take-off Vertical take-off followed by horizontal
acceleration in ground effect (fixed-wing V/STOL).
AIRS, Airs 1 Airborne integrated reconnaissance
system (USN).
2 Advanced inertial reference sphere, or system.
3 Airline inventory redistribution surplus.
airspeed, air speed
4 Aircrew incident-reporting system.
5 Advanced IR seeker.
6 Atmospheric IR sounder (on Aqua EOS).
7 Airborne IR surveillance.
8 Alliance icing research study (Int.).
Air Safety Report Filed by crew after a flight in which
they encounter an untoward or potentially dangerous
situation, which may be partly or entirely of their own
making.
Airsar Airborne synthetic-aperture radar.
airscape Broad vista of sky, not necessarily including
Earth’s surface, from aerial viewpoint.
air scoop Colloq. ram intake, esp. projecting from exterior
profile of aircraft.
airscrew BS.185, 1951: ‘Any type of screw designed to
rotate in air’. Word never common in US, but in UK used
in early days of powered flight to denote rotary aerodynamic
device intended to impart thrust. From about
1920–50 explicitly denoted tractor device (‘propeller’
being ‘an airscrew joined to the engine by a shaft in
compression’). Today redundant. See fan, propeller, rotor,
windmill.
airscrew-turbine engine Turboprop.
air/sea rescue, ASR Use of aircraft to rescue life in
danger at sea, esp. permanently established service for this
purpose (UK, RAF: US, USCG).
airship BS.185 1951: “A power-driven lighter-than-air
aircraft”. Thus need not be provided with means for
controlling its path, though if * is to be of use such means
must be provided. Traditional classes are: blimp, a small
non-rigid; non-rigid, in which envelope is essentially
devoid of rigid members and maintains shape by inflation
pressure; semi-rigid, non-rigid with strong axial keel
acting as beam to support load; and rigid, in which envelope
is itself stiff in local bending or supported within
or around rigid framework.
airshow A previously publicised event at which aircraft
are displayed on the ground and in flight; the public may
or may not be admitted, and the principal purpose may be
either product marketing or entertainment.
airside 1 All parts of airport containing aircraft.
2 For passengers, beyond departure customs, prior to
arrival customs.
air snatch 1 Recovery of passive body from atmosphere
by passing powered aircraft, esp. recovery of space
payload descending by parachute.
2 Recovery of human being from hostile territory or sea
by passing aircraft unable to hover (see Fulton).
air sounding 1 Measurement of atmospheric parameters
from sea level to specified upper level by transmitting or
recording instruments lifted by rocket or aircraft (esp.
balloon).
2 Record thus obtained.
airspace Volume of atmosphere bounded by local verticals
and Earth’s surface or given flight levels. May be
controlled or uncontrolled, but always an administrative
unit defined by precise geographical or Earth-referred
locations.
airspace denial Military mission flown by fighter to
destroy all hostile aircraft entering particular airspace,
usually that above friendly troops.
airspeed, air speed Relative velocity between tangible
object, such as raindrop or aircraft, and surrounding air.
In most aircraft measured by pitot-static system
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