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total terrain avionics
cally and isentropically. If T s is static temperature, T H =
T s (1 + ½ [γ – 1] M 2 ) -1 .
total terrain avionics Combine digital contour and map
information to enhance sensors and displays for carefree
flight at high speeds at low altitudes in bad weather
without any high-energy or readily detectable emissions,
thus facilitating stealth design.
TOTE, Tote Tracker optical thermally enhanced.
tote board Display board presenting written information
in tabular form, esp. in ATC (1) flight-progress board
or cockpit alphanumeric tab (4). In RAF Fighter
Command in WW2, presentation of tactical situation.
TOTS, tots Tower operator training system (USN
ATC).
touch-and-go Practice landing in which aeroplane is
permitted to touch runway briefly; in many cases flaps are
moved to take-off setting while weight is on wheels.
touch-control steering Small inputs by pilot to change
flight path while in autopilot mode.
touchdown 1 Moment, or location, of contact of aircraft
with surface on landing or of soft-landing spacecraft with
designated destination surface.
2 Intersection of glidepath with Earth’s surface, not
necessarily point of any actual landing.
touch down To perform touchdown.
touchdown aim-point Area of runway on which pilot
intends to land. This is usually in touchdown zone, but on
STOL runway a ** marker is provided in form of 90 m
(200 ft) axial white strip on each runway edge projecting
inwards from white edge strips.
touchdown point That programmed into UCARS or
other UAV recovery system.
touchdown ROD Touchdown rate of descent; value
shown by ** indicator, usually sensitive VSI based on
radio altimeter or laser altimeter.
touchdown RVR Touchdown runway visual range;
RVR at time and place of landing.
touchdown zone That portion of runway selected by
most pilots as touchdown zone; on precision instrument
runway marked by three close axial white bars 90 m
(200 ft) long on each side between centreline and edge,
beginning 150 m (500 ft) beyond threshold.
touch drill Simulation of condition [e.g., securing a
failed engine] by touching controls and instruments
without actual activation.
touch-screen technology Ability of advanced displays to
interface with humans by direct fingertip touch of part of
display of interest, notably by touching particular line or
word in alphanumeric readout.
touchwire Human input to electronic display in form of
matrix of fine wires, any of which, when touched, switches
enlarged local region of display to fill entire area (or, in
alphanumerics switches in amplified readout of that
particular item).
toughness Ability of structural material to absorb
mechanical energy in plastic deformation without fracture.
tour 1 Individual crew member’s assigned total of
combat missions. To qualify, mission must be effective.
RAF * in WW2 was usually 30.
2 More generally, * of particular duty for military
personnel.
touring aircraft 1 Original meaning, aircraft designed
for long pleasure flights.
Townend ring
2 Aircraft making appearances at successive air
displays.
touring motor glider Light aeroplane designed to cruise
under power but to soar when conditions permit.
tourist Originally (1949) special high-density airline
accommodation usually synonymous with coach; today
standard type of seating, denoted by symbol Y.
TOVC Top of overcast.
TOVS Tiros operational vertical sounder.
TOW 1 Takeoff weight, usually meaning MTOW.
2 Tube-launched optically-tracked wire-guided
(missile).
3 Time of week (GPS).
4 Time on wing [engine life].
tow 1 Standard manufactured form of reinforcing fibre,
eg carbon, graphite, as long unwoven staple.
2 Aero * for one flight of sailplane; hence on *, * release.
towbar Connects tug and nose gear for towing or
pushing away from gate.
towbarless tractor One designed to lift NLG off ground
on to tractor body.
tow dart Dart-type aerial target towed by RPV or target
drone or, in some cases and on 900 m (2,000 ft) line, by
manned aircraft.
towed body Remote sensing unit of helicopter MAD or
airborne magnetometer.
towed glider Glider on aero tow.
towel rack Rail-like aerial (antenna) for HF com or
Loran (colloq.).
tower Airport or airfield control tower, esp. service or
facility based therein; hence * airport, * frequency, *
controlled. Increasingly coming to mean seat of ATC even
if no physical * exists.
tower fly-by Fly past tower at low level, eg for determination
of position error or visual check on aircraft
configuration.
towering Opposite of stooping, refraction phenomenon
in atmosphere in which visual image of distant object
appears extended vertically.
towering cumulus Building rapidly, so that height
exceeds any lateral dimension.
towering takeoff Helicopter rises vertically under full
power and goes ahead as rate of climb decays to zero.
tower shaft Radial shaft transmitting drive from engine
spool to accessory gearbox or other unit.
tower-snag recovery Recovery of RPV or other winged
vehicle by flying it to hook a line suspended between arms
on tower built for this purpose; in most systems line
imparts decelerative drag which stalls vehicle within
distance significantly less than height of tower.
towhook Pilot-operated coupling release on glider for
tow cable.
towing basin See towing tank.
towing eye Eye (structural ring) attached to nose gear or
other part of aircraft for towing on ground.
towing sleeve Towed sleeve (drogue) target.
towing tank Long, narrow water tank for hydrodynamic
tests, also called seaplane basin/tank, along which models
of hull/float forms, skis, ACVs and other objects are
towed. Seldom used for wavemaking.
town The Treasury and MoD (RAF colloquial).
Townend ring Pioneer ring-type cowling for radial
engines, with chord seldom greater than external diameter
of cylinders and no pretension at true aerofoil shape,
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