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superboom
different yard because of lack of national capability to
construct large ship (UK).
superboom Boom from SST or other aircraft which,
because of reflection and/or refraction in atmosphere, is
heard up to 250 km from flightpath.
supercharged core engine Turbofan in which fan is
regarded as ‘supercharger’ for core; no need for this
concept.
supercharged harness Pressurized harness to reduce ignition
arcing.
supercharged turboprop Powerful turboprop derated and
matched with lower-capacity gearbox and propeller, thus
giving same power at all airfield heights and temperatures;
essentially synonymous with flat-rated.
supercharger Compressor driven by crankshaft step-up
gears or by exhaust turbine which increases density of air
or mixture supplied to cylinders of piston engine, either to
boost power or, more often, to assist in maintaining power
at high altitudes. Virtually all are single-stage centrifugal,
in some cases with choice of gear ratios and formerly
(WW2) with two consecutive stages and intercooler. Term
also (suggest formerly) used for cabin blower.
supercirculation Increase of wing lift by increasing circulation
by positive power-consuming means; secondary
gains include postponement of stall, reduction of drag
(both by improving flow and by enabling wing and other
aerofoils to be smaller) and as means towards realizing
laminar flow. Commonest form is blown flap, with more
ambitious schemes discharging supersonic bleed air along
upper part of leading edge or other places; used facing to
rear to accelerate boundary layer and as by-product to
impart thrust.
supercompression Piston engine with such a high
compression ratio that it must not be operated at full
throttle below a given height (today unusual).
superconductivity Near-zero electrical resistance exhibited
by some metals, esp. particular mixtures, as 0°K is
approached. Extremely powerful currents and magnetic
fields are possible eg making possible frictionless gyroscope.
One branch of cryogenics.
supercooled Vapour and finely dispersed water droplets
can exist as vapour and liquid at below 0°C, freezing immediately
on contact with solid object.
supercooled large droplet Diameter 300 µm.
supercritical Loosely, any flow involving regions where
M>1.
supercritical shaft A [normally high-speed] drive shaft
whose ratio of length to diameter is so great that it would
quickly fail from whirl; i.e. the whirl margin would be negative.
supercritical wing Aerofoil designed to cruise at above
M crit , characterized by bluff leading edge, flattish top,
bulged underside and downcurved trailing edge; by
reducing peak suction maximum acceleration and shock
formation are delayed and wing can be deeper, have less
sweep, house more fuel and weigh less than conventional
wing for same cruise M.
supercruise Sustained flight at supersonic speed with
engine[s] in dry thrust, without afterburner.
supercruiser Aircraft designed to cruise at supersonic
speed, usually Mach 1.5 to 2.
superheat 1 Temperature difference between aerostat gas
or hot air and surrounding atmosphere; called positive if
gas is warmer than atmosphere.
supersonic dash capability
2 Heat energy added to gas or vapour after evaporation
has been completed.
superheated vapour Vapour heated above its boiling point
for given pressure.
superheterodyne Radio receiver in which received signal is
mixed (heterodyned) with local oscillatory frequency to
give intermediate frequency which is then amplified with
various advantages.
superhigh frequency See frequency, radio.
superior planets Those further out than Earth, ie Mars to
Pluto.
superluminal Velocity greater than that of light, by expansion/contraction
of spacetime.
supermanoeuvrability Ability to perform controlled
supermanoeuvres.
supermanoeuvrable fighter The accepted definition is
ability to fly under sustained positive control at AOA of
70°, and of flying for brief periods at 100°–120° without
departure.
supermanoeuvre 1 A sustained manoeuvre which
increases AOA beyond the 1-g stall.
2 A sustained manoeuvre which increases AOA beyond
the actual accelerated stall.
3 A dynamic manoeuvre in which angular momentum in
the pitching plane momentarily increases AOA to a peak
beyond stall.
superplasticity Property of flowing like hot glass at
elevated temperatures under modest applied pressures with
no tendency to necking or fracture; possessed by many
alloys, eg Prestal at 250°-260°C.
superposition 1 Principle in stress analysis that aggregate
of all strains caused by a load system may be considered to
be the sum of all individual strains experienced by each
member taken in isolation.
2 Identical principle for algebraic sum of currents or voltages
in linear network.
3 Ability of subatomic particle [many] to exist in more
than one place, or one state, at same time.
superpressure Pressure difference between gas in aerostat
at any point and surrounding atmosphere at same height;
called positive if gas pressure is greater (as it usually is).
superpressure balloon Unvented envelope strong enough
not to burst in long-duration voyage at constant pressure
height.
superrefraction Warm air over cold sea, extends
radio/radar ranges.
super search mode Radar scans entire HUD field of view.
supersonic 1 Faster than speed of sound in surrounding
medium. One lexicographer says Mach 1.2+, 1.19 being
deemed transonic.
2 R/T callsign, suffix when actually cruising at * speed.
supersonic-combustion ramjet Ramjet whose combustion
system is (very unusually) designed to function at supersonic
speed; abb. SCRJ or scramjet (even Mach-6 ramjet
vehicles invariably burn fuel in subsonic airflow).
supersonic compressor Axial compressor in which fluid
velocity is supersonic relative to whole length of rotor
blades, stator blades or both, with oblique shocks giving
greatest possible pressure rise per stage. (Some axial and
centrifugal compressors not classed as * do in fact have
local flow over Mach 1 at periphery at maximum rpm).
supersonic dash capability Ability to fly safely at over
Mach 1. Originally this was to enable a high-subsonic
attack aircraft to exceed Mach 1 for brief period to escape
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