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gross profile Side elevation of aircraft trajectory, esp.
following takeoff, corresponding to gross performance.
gross thrust That developed by propulsion system in
ideal conditions, not allowing for inlet momentum drag,
inlet shock losses, duct losses, tailpipe losses, cooling
drag, propeller slipstream drag, torque effects or any
other effects.
gross upset Major uncommanded departure in
AOA/V/altitude/attitude.
gross weight Traditional measure usually defined as
maximum flying weight permitted; today MTOW.
gross wing area Gross area.
ground 1 US = earth.
2 To declare object or person unfit for flight.
3 Personnel on apron connected to aircraft by interphone
cord.
ground-adjustable propeller One whose pitch can be
changed only by ground crew.
ground air vehicle One designed for ground mobility but
which can fly for short periods (ASCC).
ground alert Status of aircraft fuelled and armed and
crews able to take off within specified period, usually 15
minutes.
ground angle 1 That between local horizontal and major
axis of parked fuselage.
2 Maximum usable nose-up angle on landing, limited
by tail scrape.
ground board Flat surface representing the ground in
wind tunnel.
ground clearance 1 Vertical distance between airfield or
deck and tips of helicopter main rotor blades in no-lift
position.
2 Vertical distance between airfield or deck and specified
part of aircraft or external stores.
ground clutter Unwanted returns on radar display
caused by direct reflection from ground.
ground collision avoidance system To prevent airborne
aircraft from flying into the ground, not for preventing
taxiing accidents.
ground contact Glimpse of Earth sufficient to assist
navigation.
ground control Control tower position or other
authority assigned to control all vehicles, including
taxiing aircraft, on airfield movement area.
ground-controlled approach, GCA Ground radar installation
able to watch approaching aircraft and direct them
to safe landing by radio (so-called talkdown) in bad visibility;
and landing thus directed.
ground-controlled interception, GCI Interception (1)
controlled by ground radar and radio (usually voiceplain-language)
advice.
ground crew 1 Personnel assigned to cleaning, replenishment,
servicing or maintenance of aircraft at turnround,
between missions or in other routine situation.
2 Personnel assigned to manoeuvre aerostat on ground
(see landing crew).
ground cushion 1 Region of increased pressure beneath
landing aeroplane caused by forward motion, proximity
of ground and trapping of air ahead of flaps and under
fuselage (can affect flow over tail and, for this and other
reasons, cause pronounced pitching moment).
2 Region of increased lift under helicopter or jet
V/STOL in low-altitude hovering mode caused by reflecgrid
ring
grid ring Round top of traditional magnetic compass,
rotated by hand when setting course.
grid ticks Small marks on neatline or along grid (3) lines
showing alternative grid system(s).
grid variation See grid magnetic angle.
griff Reliable news or information.
Griffith crack Supposedly ideal crack in structure,
where minor axis = 0.
Griffith wing Subsonic wing of very deep section with
powerful suction slit on upper surface at about 70% chord
to induce airflow to follow discontinuity between upper
surface ahead of slit and thin trailing edge. Never successfully
used.
Grip Global reach improvement program.
grip range Range of thickness of material joinable by
particular blind rivet or other fastener.
GRIS Global reconnaissance information system.
GRM Ground-roll monitor.
GRMS Ground reference and monitor station (DGPS).
GRND Ground.
GRO Gamma-ray observatory.
grommet 1 Rigid or reinforcing eyelet closed on to flexible
surface.
2 Flexible ring set into rigid surface, often by peripheral
groove matched with sheet thickness, providing bearing
surface for pipe, cable or other line (1, 2) or control cable.
grooved runway One whose surface is traversed by one
of four standards of shallow grooves tailored to climate,
crossfall and other factors, along which water can escape
even in heavy rain and strong wind to make critical aquaplaning
depth extremely unusual.
groover Machine with large wheel, usually diamonddressed
saw, for cutting runway grooves.
GROS, Gros Civil Experimental Aeroplane Construction
Organization (USSR).
gross altitude scale Presentation of total altimeter operating
range on one fixed scale (ASCC).
gross area Area of projected surface of aerofoil, edges
being assumed continuous through nacelles, fuselages,
pods or other protuberances. Where tapered wing meets
fuselage, edges projected in to meet at centreline, except
in case where angle is extreme (eg, with glove, Lerx,
strake), where end of root is taken across at 90°.
gross ceiling Altitude at which gross climb gradient (see
gross performance) is zero.
gross dry weight Traditional measures of powerplant
weight which included propeller hub (metal hub on which
wooden propeller was mounted), all starters, primers,
exhaust systems, fluid filters, air inlets and accessories, but
excluding cooling system, fluid tanks and supply systems
and instruments.
gross flightpath Gross profile in climb-out segment.
gross flight performance See gross performance.
gross height Height of any point on gross flightpath.
gross lift Buoyancy in ISA (1) of aerostat under standard
conditions of inflation and with allowance for
humidity.
gross liftoff weight Actual mass of spacecraft at moment
of liftoff.
gross moving load Total moving mass of simulator,
including upper baseplate and actuators.
gross performance That actually measured on one
aircraft of type, adjusted by small factor to reflect
guaranteed rating and fleet minimum performance.
ground cushion
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