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C/R
11 Close-range.
12 Component repair.
13 Common requirements (ANSP).
14 See next.
C/R 1 Counter-, or contra-, rotating, or rotation,
usually refers to handed engines driving single-rotation
propellers in opposite directions.
2 Command/response.
3 See CR (9).
CR 1 Resultant-force coefficient.
2 Range constant, velocity wt/fuel flow.
Cr Chromium.
C r Sometimes cr, wing chord at root.
Cr 2 O 3 One of the three chromium oxides.
CRA Centro Ricerche Aerospaziali, Rome.
crab 1 To fly with wings level but significant drift due to
crosswind.
2 To fly with wings level but significant yaw due to
asymmetric thrust.
3 To fly with wings level but significant yaw imparted
by rudder to neutralise effect of crosswind.
4 Miniature trolley driven by Link trainer and certain
other simulators which reproduces aircraft track on map
on instructor’s desk.
crab angle 1 Drift angle.
2 In landing, angle between runway axis and aircraft
heading.
3 Angle between fore/aft camera axis and track.
crab list List of snags after flight test (US, WW2).
crab-pot Fabric non-return valve in circular duct in
airship, controlled by bidirectional pull of cord attached
to centre.
crack 1 Microscopic rupture in stressed metal part
which under repeated loads progressively grows longer,
without deformation of structure, until remaining
material suddenly breaks.
2 To break down hydrocarbons by cracking. Originally
done continuously in giant cat-crackers in refineries, this
is becoming a procedure necessary in JP7-fuelled hypersonic
ramjets.
cracking Application of heat and usually pressure,
sometimes in presence of catalysts, to break down
complex hydrocarbons, esp. petroleums, into desired
products. Hence cracked spirit.
crack-stopper Structural design feature, such as
assembly of part from several components with joints
perpendicular to expected crack directions, to prevent
crack progressing right across.
CRAD, Crad Critical R&D.
CRADA, Crada Co-operative R&D agreement.
CRAF 1 Civil Reserve Air Fleet (US, from 1951).
2 Comet rendezvous/asteroid flyby.
3 Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies.
crafted Made (US usage).
Crag, CRAG From Pacer -*, compass, radar, GPS.
C-RAM Counter rockets, artillery and mortars.
Cram Conditional route-availability message.
crane helicopter Designed for local lifting and positioning
of heavy or bulky items rather than normal transport;
characterised by vestigial fuselage with payload attached
externally or slung.
Cranfield Formerly College of Aeronautics, now
Cranfield University [Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL] (UK).
crank Apart from familiar meanings, a single rotation of
CRCACS
crank handle [human inceptor], thus full flap may need 12
cranks.
cranked wing Has acute anhedral inboard, dihedral
outboard, usually with abrupt change at about 30 per cent
semi-span.
cranking 1 Turning engine (any type) by external power.
2 Making a max-rate turn away from the target immediately
upon launching an AAM, hence: a crank.
C-Rap Condensed recognized air picture.
crash Unpremeditated termination of mission at any
point after start of taxi caused by violent impact with
another body, with or without pilot in control, usually
causing severe damage to aircraft. Term never used in
official language.
crash arch Strong structure above or behind pilot(s)
head(s), esp. in open cockpit or small cabin aircraft, able
to bear all likely loads in overturning and sliding inverted
on ground.
crash barrier See barrier.
crash deflector lever See crash switch.
crash gate Gate in airfield periphery through which
crash/fire/rescue teams can most quickly reach nearby
crashed aircraft.
crash landing Emergency forced landing with severe
features such as rugged terrain or incapacitated pilot,
resulting in more than superficial damage to aircraft.
crash locator beacon Automatic radio beacon designed
to be ejected from crashing aircraft, thereafter to float and
survive all predictable impacts, crushing forces or fire
while broadcasting coded signal.
crash pan Secondary structure under para-dropped
load, esp. vehicle or artillery, which absorbs landing shock
by plastic deformation.
crashproof tank Euphemistic, denotes fuel or other tank
designed not to rupture, leak or catch fire in all except
most severe crash.
crash pylon Structure having same purpose as crash
arch.
crash restraint barrier Quickly fitted/removed barrier
across the front of a cargo deck.
crash switch Electrical switch triggered by various crash
symptoms to shut off fuel, isolate electric batteries, activate
fire/explosion suppression, release CLB, etc.
crashworthiness Generally unquantifiable ability of
aircraft to crash without severely injuring occupants or
preventing their escape. A crashworthy fuel system is
designed to remain fuel-tight in a crash.
crate Aerodyne, esp. aeroplane (colloq., derogatory,
archaic).
CRaTER Cosmic-ray telescope for the effects of radiation
(NASA).
CRAW Carrier replacement air wing (USN).
CRB 1 Chlorinated rubber-based; P adds paint
[airfields].
2 Crash restraint barrier.
CRC 1 Control and Reporting Centre.
2 Carbon-fibre reinforced composite.
3 Communications Research Center (Canada).
4 Central [ised] radio control.
5 Cyclic redundancy check, or code.
6 Cassegrain Ritchey/Chretien.
CRCACS Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced
Composite Structures [Fishermens Bend, Vic.]
(Australia).
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