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Standard Beam Approach
288.15°K; M 0 2.89644× 10 -4 kg/mole; ρ 0 1.2250 kg/m 3 ; R *
8.31432 J k-mol -1 K –1 ; temperature gradient from -5,000 m
(5 km below SL) to altitude (11,000 m) at which T is
-56.5°C is -0.0065°C per standard geopotential metre;
from 11 to 20 km temperature gradient is zero; from 20 to
32 km temperature gradient is +0.0010°C per standard
geopotential metre.
Standard Beam Approach Pioneer landing aid providing
lateral guidance and series of marker beacons.
standard bird Two (occasionally three) specifications for
birds used as inert (sometimes frozen) bodies fired into gas
turbine in ingestion testing.
standard body Not wide-body, ie width in region of 3 m.
Loosely synonymous with narrow-body, slim jet, singleaisle.
Standard Class Sailplane competition class limiting
span to 15 m and prohibiting high-lift flaps and certain
other features.
standard conditions Standard temperature and pressure.
standard data message NATO message format for
digital communications between national or international
units or facilities; an example of a Stanag result.
Standard Day At ISA pressure and temperature.
standard day of supply Total amount of supplies needed
for average day as defined by NATO Standing Group
rates.
standard design memo, SDM International standardized
proforma for hard-copy communication of information
affecting hardware design, often as computer printout.
standard deviation Quantification of dispersion of data
points about mean value: square root of average of all
squares of variances (amount by which each point differs
from mean); symbol σ.
standard DME arrival Arrival routes based on DME
distances.
standard electronic module See ATR or MCU.
standard empty weight No longer definable, most precise
equivalent is APS.
standard gravity See gravity.
standard industry fare level Hypothetical revenue rate
per mile invented by CAB as guide to IRS in taxing GA
aircraft on non-company business (US).
standard instrument departure Preplanned, coded ATC
IFR departure routing, preprinted for pilot use in textual
form often (at major traffic points) supplemented by
graphics; abb. SID.
standardization Objective of achieving interoperability
through use of either uniform or at least compatible hardware;
significant that definition of word by DoD, NATO,
SEATO, CENTO and IADB is in each case different,
while definition ‘standardization agreement’ differs for
NATO, SEATO and CENTO.
standardized product One conforming to specifications
resulting from same technical requirements (NATO,
CENTO, IADB).
standard load One preplanned as to dimensions, weight
and balance, and designated by a number or other classification
(NATO).
standard mean chord Gross wing area divided by span;
position defined by co-ordinates of quarter-chord point
and an inclination found by integrating (three methods).
Also called geometric mean chord, symbol c¯. Numerically
equal to chord of rectangular wing of same span and gross
area.
standby, stand-by
standard NPL tunnel Closed-jet, no return flow.
standard of build Precise description of which of various
options were followed in construction and equipment of
aircraft, esp. of prototype or development aircraft where
*** changes between one aircraft and next.
standard of preparation Defines list of equipment
installed.
standard operating platform An agreed build-standard
for newly constructed airfields, mainly in Western
Germany (NATO 1951-54).
standard option Choice of build standard, engine,
avionics, finish colours, furnishing or other variables
offered to all customers (eg improved stopping on
Advanced 727).
standard parallel Parallel on map or chart along which
scale is as stated.
standard pitch See propeller *.
standard pressure 1 Standard SL atmospheric pressure
of 10,132.5 Pa.
2 In meteorology, usually 1,000 mb = 10 5 Pa.
standard propagation Assumes smooth spherical Earth
of uniform dielectric constant and conductivity under
standard atmospheric refraction decreasing uniformly
with height.
standard radio atmosphere One having excess modified
refractive index (also see standard refraction).
standard-rate turn Usually heading changes 3°/s or 2
min for 360°.
standard refraction Idealized ratio refraction decreasing
uniformly with height at 39 × 10 -6 units per km; included
in groundwave calculations by enlarging Earth radius to
8.5 × 10 6 m.
standard stall recovery Stall recovery.
standard structure Not normally used in aerospace; elsewhere
often structure whose dimensions are everywhere
mid-way between tolerance limits.
standard temperature Value upon which a temperature
scale is based, in physics normally 273.15°K (0°C), but for
practical (eg gas-turbine rating) purposes normally that at
zero height in standard atmosphere, 288.15°K.
standard terminal arrival route Preplanned coded ATC
IFR arrival routing, preprinted for pilot use in textual
form often (at major traffic points) supplemented by
graphics; abb. Star.
standard time, ST Universally adopted time for all
countries, based on zone time but modified to suit
country’s longitude span and if necesssary zoned such that
difference between ST and GMT is always divisible
exactly by 0.5 h.
standard turn See standard-rate turn.
standard weight 1 Term formerly used in FAA certification
as being certificated gross weight.
2 Also used to mean assumed mass of such loads as
adult passenger, parachute, and unit volumes (eg litre or
US gal) of fluids.
standby, stand-by 1 Generalized term for being available
at short notice, in some cases (eg redundant flight-control
channel) instantaneous and in others (interceptor on *) at
minutes.
2 R/T code: “I must pause for a few seconds”; if
followed by “out” means pause may be much longer but
channel must be kept clear for resumption, the meanining
becoming “other stations please do not transmit on this
frequency”.
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