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wing arrangement
wingtip tanks are normally excluded; winglets are
included as they appear in plan view; in case where root
meets fuselage or nacelle at sweep approaching 90° (eg
with forebody strakes) most authorities include these
portions and fuselage up to intersection of leading edge
with fuselage. VG ‘swing wing’ is measured at minimum
sweep. Foreplane for lifting canard is counted separately.
2 Net ** excludes projected areas of fuselage, nacelles
etc. Note: US measures of gross * often omit all areas
outside basic wing trapezium, such as exist if taper is
greater at root.
wing arrangement 1 Basic configuration of aeroplane.
2 Height at which monoplane wing is mounted, eg low,
mid etc; see wing position.
wing axis Locus of all aerodynamic centres.
wing bar Row of approach lights perpendicular to
runway and starting beyond runway edge (Vasi).
wing bending moment Bending moment. Hence ***
relief, reduction afforded by masses (fuel, engine pods)
distributed across span instead of being located in or on
fuselage.
wing bending torsion mode Aeroelastic deflection,
sustained or flutter, of swept wing in which bending introduces
twist.
wing/body fillet Fillet, possibly very large, filling in rear
part of wing/body junction to prevent separation of flow
and possibly reduce peak velocities and suctions.
wing box Primary structure of modern stressed-skin in
which all loads are taken by cantilever beams comprising
upper and lower (usually machined) skins joined to front
and rear spars, plus small number of ribs (occasionally
additional spar[s] within *). This strong structure, usually
by far heaviest single piece of airframe, is usually sealed to
form integral tank.
wing car Airship car suspended to L or R of centreline.
wing cell See cell, cellule.
wing centre section See centre section.
wing chord See chord.
wing drag When lifting, induced plus profile drags.
wing drop Sudden loss of lift on one wing, eg near
stalling AOA, causing rapid roll not recoverable by
aileron.
wing fence See fence.
wing fillet See fillet; avoided if possible, but often introduced
because of need to accommodate main landing
gears and in some cases combined with air-conditioning
ducts on underside.
wing flaps See flap.
wing flutter See flutter.
wing guns Guns mounted within or attached to wing.
wing heavy Tending to roll in one direction.
wing in ground effect Class of vehicles, arguably aircraft,
supported by a wing riding close above Earth surface.
Unlike ACV (hovercraft) they rely for lift on forward
speed.
wingless wonder 1 Officer without brevet (RAF colloq.,
derogatory).
2 Aircraft whose wings have been permanently
removed, to end its days in ground test programmes [eg,
catapult/arrest].
winglet 1 Upturned wingtip or added auxiliary aerofoil(s)
above and/or below tip to increase efficiency of
wing in cruise, usually by reducing tip vortex and thus
wing skid
recovering energy lost therein and improving circulation
and lift of outer portion of wing.
2 Miniature wing mounted horizontally on fuselage
(not at nose or tail), on interplane struts or elsewhere (eg
nacelles), often not so much for lift as to carry external
load or connect bracing struts or main gears to fuselage.
winglet lift This invariably means the resultant force on
the winglet, which is usually perpendicular to the surface
in the vertical plane and inclined forwards [giving a positive
thrust component] in the horizontal plane.
wing leveller Simple single-axis autopilot with authority
only in roll; often with heading lock and VOR/ADF
coupler. Generally synonymous with aileron-centring
device.
wing loading Gross weight or MTOW divided by wing
area (1); 1 lb/sq ft = 4.88243 kg m –2 ; reciprocal 0.204816.
wingman Second in element of two combat aircraft, esp.
interceptors; term loosely applied to pilot or aircraft. Flies
off wingtip of element leader except when required to
perform manoeuvres, eg day/visual intercept of unidentified
aircraft.
wingover US flight manoeuvre most briefly defined as
climbing turn followed by diving turn; at apogee aircraft
(usually trainer) is almost stalled, and rotation continues
in pitch and roll so that recovery takes place at lower level
by diving out on reciprocal. Almost = stall turn.
wing overhang See overhang.
wing panel See panel.
wing pivot That on which VG wing (‘swing wing’) is
attached.
wing plan Shape of wing outline seen from above (see
plan).
wing position Height at which wing (1) is mounted
relative to fuselage, esp. as seen from front, eg low,
shoulder, parasol etc.
wing profile See profile.
wing radiator Cooling radiator mounted on wing, esp.
inside wing, fed by leading-edge inlet.
wing reactions Those forces applied to fuselage by wing.
wing rib See rib.
wing rider A wing walker [and more accurate term].
wing rock Oscillatory roll/yaw motion of [usually sweptwing]
aircraft at high AOA; similar to inertia coupling,
but for different reasons.
wing root Junction of wing with fuselage (not with
nacelle or any other body). Some authorities include
junction of wing with opposite wing, eg on centreline
(upper wing of biplane). Hence ** chord, ** fillet, **
thickness.
Wings 1 Weather information and navigational
graphics system (PC-based, overlays latest Wx on planned
route by GA pilot).
2 Commander (Flying) on RN carrier.
wing section Appears to be synonymous with aerofoil
section, wing profile; only ambiguity caused by
erroneously using term to mean portion of wing, eg centre
section, outer panel.
wingset Left and right (port + starboard) wings for same
aircraft.
wing setting See angle of incidence.
wingside More specific than airside: in immediate
proximity of parked aircraft.
wing skid Protective skid on underside near tip (rare
since 1916).
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