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A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Enhancing academic and Practice

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42 ❘<br />

<strong>Teach<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, supervis<strong>in</strong>g, learn<strong>in</strong>g<br />

I<br />

II<br />

III<br />

Specialist knowledge<br />

Table 4.1 The University of Auckl<strong>and</strong>: graduate profile<br />

1 A mastery of a body of knowledge, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g an underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g of broad conceptual<br />

<strong>and</strong> theoretical elements, <strong>in</strong> the major fields of study.<br />

2 An underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> appreciation of current issues <strong>and</strong> debates <strong>in</strong> the major fields of<br />

knowledge studied.<br />

3 An underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> appreciation of the philosophical bases, methodologies <strong>and</strong><br />

characteristics of scholarship, research <strong>and</strong> creative work.<br />

General <strong>in</strong>tellectual skills <strong>and</strong> capacities<br />

1 A capacity <strong>for</strong> critical, conceptual <strong>and</strong> reflective th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

2 An <strong>in</strong>tellectual openness <strong>and</strong> curiosity.<br />

3 A capacity <strong>for</strong> creativity <strong>and</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>ality.<br />

4 Intellectual <strong>in</strong>tegrity, respect <strong>for</strong> truth <strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong> the ethics of research <strong>and</strong> scholarly<br />

activity.<br />

5 An ability to undertake numerical calculations <strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong> quantitative<br />

<strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation.<br />

6 An ability to make appropriate use of advanced <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong> communication<br />

technologies.<br />

Personal qualities<br />

1 A love <strong>and</strong> enjoyment of ideas, discovery <strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

2 An ability to work <strong>in</strong>dependently <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> collaboration with others.<br />

3 Self-discipl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> an ability to plan <strong>and</strong> achieve personal <strong>and</strong> professional goals.<br />

4 An ability to be leaders <strong>in</strong> their communities, <strong>and</strong> a will<strong>in</strong>gness to engage <strong>in</strong><br />

constructive public discourse <strong>and</strong> to accept social <strong>and</strong> civic responsibilities.<br />

5 Respect <strong>for</strong> the values of other <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>and</strong> groups, <strong>and</strong> an appreciation of human<br />

<strong>and</strong> cultural diversity.<br />

What do mean<strong>in</strong>gful learn<strong>in</strong>g outcomes look like?<br />

From the previous section it should be clear that student learn<strong>in</strong>g outcomes encompass<br />

a wide range of student attributes <strong>and</strong> abilities both cognitive <strong>and</strong> affective, which are a<br />

measure of how their learn<strong>in</strong>g experiences have supported students’ development as<br />

<strong>in</strong>dividuals.<br />

Cognitive outcomes <strong>in</strong>clude demonstrable acquisition of specific knowledge <strong>and</strong> skills<br />

ga<strong>in</strong>ed through the programme of study. We might pose the questions: What do students<br />

know that they did not know be<strong>for</strong>e <strong>and</strong> what can students do that they could not do<br />

be<strong>for</strong>e? Affective outcomes are also important <strong>in</strong> elicit<strong>in</strong>g questions such as: How has<br />

their learn<strong>in</strong>g experience impacted on students’ values, goals, attitudes, self-concepts,<br />

worldviews <strong>and</strong> behaviours? How has it developed their potential? How has it enhanced<br />

their value to themselves, their friends, family <strong>and</strong> their communities? (Frye, 1999).<br />

To have students achieve high-quality learn<strong>in</strong>g outcomes is one of the aims of most<br />

university teachers. Ideally we want our students to engage <strong>in</strong> deep (as opposed to<br />

surface) learn<strong>in</strong>g (Chapter 2). As Prosser <strong>and</strong> Trigwell (1999) state: ‘deep learn<strong>in</strong>g is the<br />

type of learn<strong>in</strong>g that is sought because it is the learn<strong>in</strong>g that rema<strong>in</strong>s after lesser quality

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