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was presented for consideration at the 13th Ibero-American Conference of Ministers of Public
Administration and Government Reform held in Asunción, Paraguay, on 1st July 2011, at which
the text was approved.
The Framework addresses the problems of the identification of individuals from a technological
perspective, and considers it necessary to start to establish common standards in order to
coordinate the correct identification of individuals across the region. The document then
presents an explanatory section which describes the elements involved in the identification of
individuals, and the relevant legal framework and its consequences.
In addition, it describes in simple terms the biometric and digital signature technology involved.
Why only this technology? Because there has been a lot of progress worldwide in the use of
biometric technology in documentation which vouches a person’s identity, such as a passport;
and because new laws have been passed across the region which recognise the legal value of
digital signatures and their use in e-commerce and e-government. However since each country
has its own set of rules governing these matters, it becomes necessary to start to establish
common standards that allow for the cross-border recognition of such digital signatures.
Features of electronic identification
Identification and the Full Exercise of Rights
A person’s rights and obligations are based on his or her identity. The ability to assert and
exercise a right belongs to a particular person, with certain attributes and identity. The process
of assigning an identity and particular attributes to a specific person by extraneous means is
what we call “identification”. (FRAMEWORK; 2011)
This relationship between a specific person and certain attributes that define his identity, such
as his name, place of birth, fingerprints and distinguishing features, permit on the one hand
the unequivocal identification of each individual; and on the other hand, verify his identity
whenever necessary, whether for exercising a right, accessing social security benefits, or moving
from one country to another, and so on.
In this country, that process of identification is a function that the State cannot delegate. It is
the State which identifies people, which verifies the information that enables that identification
that issues the document that provides proof of identity, and that protects the exercise of the
right to an identity.
Separately, the State relies on this identification for the proper and effective implementation
of social-based public policies. The identification of individuals is an essential element of legal
acts, since any error in the identification of an individual constitutes defective consent and
leads to the transaction being void and the legal relationship invalid.
In Argentina, the identification of individuals is regulated by Law No. 17.671 (Law of
Identification, Registration and Classification of National Manpower) and achieved by means
of a National Identity Document. For that reason work has been proceeding since 2003 on
the digitalisation of the identity card transaction, initially using existing paper-based biometric
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