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only applied for sexual-related crimes or to claim paternity or family relationship, having to add
the cost of the analysis and the time involved.
The Rook, we should say, would be the facial record. Although a lot has been said about
biometric records and about which ones would be private or public, here there is a problem
when pretending that the face is of “public” access only because a great portion of human
beings displays it all time. And what would happen with those who for religious or cultural
reasons cover their faces with an element that blocks it or makes it difficult to register? What
happens when the luminosity, angle or background does not satisfy the quality of the sample
and so it does not comply with the international standards on this issue? For these reasons, is
that the facial record, in the past considered as a universal biometric solution, it is only another
element to be used but not as the primary key of a biometric record. The field work carried
out shows many marginal experiences, many intents of plagiarism not only with high similarities
in faces further than the identical twin brothers but with ethnics that attain a high degree of
similitude; also the flaws in capturing quality have to be added. It is also worth mentioning
that successful experiences have been reported thanks to a strict acquisition of facial images
in enrolling environments with controlled position, luminosity and background, but this is not
common in all cases.
At last, for its versatility, availability, amount of information and quickness to compare, we
would say that the Bishop would be the iris. Its usability in identification control in travel
documents and immigration and access controls provides not only reliability but speed and
quickness in the process. The Standard that rules the conditions for its acquisition is complied
with by various vendors and it can already be seen successfully implemented in various places.
Undoubtedly, it is a tool for identity validation. But there is always a “but”, it is disregarded by
those who pursue crime samples as iris records “are not left” in crime scenes, while facial images
are left in video or photos, and as already mentioned, DNA, fingerprints, plantar and palmar
prints leave traces.
As it can be seen, fingerprint, facial, DNA and iris records are the biometric data available with
which to record an individual in order to custody and keep his or her unique identity. But all
of them, depending on current legislation, their manner of acquisition, and other factors, can
be cheated. The implantation of a moulded fingerprint, the photo image of a facial record and
also the construction of an eye globe with an iris record with infrared ink have been part of
the maturity tests of the automated biometric systems to comprehend the limits and scopes
in their use, procedures and processes. All and every one can be used effectively depending
on the environment where they are done, their combination and other factors that allow to
increase as much as possible their efficacy.
Here the reason for the Biometric Pyramid can be dealt with.
An individual’s biometric record involves procedures and processes that “require” the individual
to move to a certain place, to fill in forms and in some cases to pay for the administrative
6 http://www.applied-biometrics.com/spanish/tecnologia/huella-dactilar/posicion-del-desarollo.html
7 Introducción a la Biometría por huella dactilar, Tecnologías Biométricas de Identificación,
http://www.algdrainvac.com/PRESENTA-TECNOBIO-TB-distribuidores-2.pdf
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