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the two victims all have a common maternal ancestor. Mitochondrial DNA is only passed to
a child from the mother. In this case, the common maternal ancestor is the grandmother, as
shown in Figure 1. Positive identification of the corpse could not be established because the
body could have belonged to either Victim 1 or Victim 2, but the body is classified as being
one of the two cousins, to the exclusion of all others.
Note that if the claimed relative (the uncle) had been a brother of the fathers of the victims,
as shown in Figure 2, then the mitochondrial DNA test would not have revealed any usable
results. If the uncle had been brother to a mother of one victim and father of the second, as in
Figure 3, and there was a mitochondrial DNA match of the corpse and the uncle, then positive
identification of Victim 1 as the son of Mother 1 could be established.
Figure 1. Family Tree A
Father 1
Figure 1. Family Tree B
Father 1
Figure 1. Family Tree C
Father 1
Victim 1
Victim 1
Víctim 1
Grand
father
Mother 1
Grand
father
Mother 1
Grand
father
Mother 1
Uncle
Uncle
Uncle
Grand
mother
Mother 2
Grand
mother
Mother 2
Grand
mother
Mother 2
Víctim 2
Victim 2
Victim 2
Father 2
Father 2
Father 2