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identify the communicating party and ensure the authenticity of the contents of the communication”
in the norms regarding E-Government security.
As it is shown, for the Ibero-American Charter on E-Government, individuals identification is the core
element for the implementation of e-government policies, as an essential and basic instrument for the
execution of public policies as well as their role related to identification in electronic environments.
In this sense, the digital signature gains special relevance as an instrument that allows, on the one
hand, to identify the authorship of electronic documents, and simultaneously, to confirm the integrity
of such digital documents.
III. Elements for Electronic Identification
This sections deals with the aspects that explain the reasons why electronic identification is a key
element for the implementation of public policies for social inclusion. It also contains a succinct
description of the technologies involved.
Relevance of Electronic Identification for the Full Exercise of Citizens Rights
Our countries are daily progressing in explicitly acknowledging their inhabitants social rights. The
search for social inclusion not only implies acknowledgement of these rights, but also to provide the
necessary conditions to ensure their effective exercise.
From the juridical perspective, an individual’s identity is the base on which the framework of rights
and obligations is built. Although rights are established erga omnes, i.e, for everybody in general, the
appropriation of a particular situation supported by the regulations framework with its respective
rights and obligations, emerge from the specific identity of every individual.
In another sense, the concept of an individual’s identity makes reference to the confirmation that the
data that prove that an individual is effectively the person that he or she claims to be, rights-bearing
subject, with determined attributes. This confirmation of data that prove the identity is known as
“identification”, i.e. the procedure that by means of external elements allow assigning an identity with
determined attributes to a concrete individual.
In any relationship between two persons or more, with legal effects, it is necessary to prove these
parties’ identity. An agreement, a lawsuit, a marriage, a purchase, a sale, in fact, every transaction
with legal effects requires the identification of the parties participating in it as a previous step for
its execution. In the public administration the situation is similar. The procedures and formalities
performed before the Administration require the identification of the individual starting it and the
officials that participate. A purchase requires the identification of those who participate in the bid,
the notification of an administrative procedure is performed for a determined individual and is
executed by a competent official, in fact, every activity in the Public Administration involves a party
that performs it and that party has to be identified.
The implementation of public policies of social scope also requires the identification of its
beneficiaries. Educational, health, digital inclusion policies, all of them are supported on a correct
identification of the beneficiaries. To have access to these social policies, individuals have to prove
their identity by means of a document in order to have access to benefits and to fully exercise their
rights. Consequently, if an individual does not have any identification document he or she cannot
have access to his or her rights, cannot claim for them, summarizing, that individual does not exist
for the State.
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