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Chile, murdered Ezequiel Tapia, the doorman in the building where he lived. After stabbing him
and fracturing his frontal bone and the base of his skull, he started a fire in the building. The
charred body was identified by Dr. Germán Valenzuela Basterrica through comparison of the
remains with records of dental work carried out on Ezequiel Tapia in the army. (iv)
The victims of the attack on the headquarters of the Argentine Israeli Mutual Association
(AMIA) in July 1994 were identified from their dental records, as were 39 victims of the LAPA
plane crash in August 1999. (v)(vv)
The identification of Ernesto “Che” Guevara in 1997 was done through comparison of his ante
mortem dental records, sent from Argentina to the Cuban anthropologists and dentists who
conducted the excavation, with the remains discovered. A filling, the particular layout of the
teeth, from an odontological point of view, and the presence of an extra-large frontal sinus
were the points of coincidence that indicated a positive identification thirty years after his
death.
Structures which determine identification
The measurements of the various anthropological points and planes, the layout of the teeth,
their current degree of development, their precise morphology and the restorative work carried
out in the course of life give us indications of sex, race, habits, illnesses, age, economic status
and even individual identity.
A brief description of each of these will be given.
A. Anthropometric measurements
Relationships identified through the anthropological analysis of the upper and lower jawbones,
and of the skull generally, together with dental measurements and morphology, enables
individuals to be identified using measurement and a series of formulae and indexes.
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Po
Ar
S
Cd
Go
ENP
I inf.
Me
Or
ENA
Gn
N
A
B
Pog
I sup.
Fig. 1. Cephalometric points used to measure the bones of the cranium and jaws