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apart from a unique code, with the purpose of assuring the mother-baby binomial to avoid
changes or confusions.
The system foresees two identification instances: One is before cutting the baby’s umbilical
cord, when the paediatrician requires it, and the second moment is before the mother is
discharged from hospital together with her baby. The system is to use a card, on which back
the identifier will write the mother’s personal data and the thumb fingerprint of the mother, the
right palm print and the right foot print of the baby will be taken. Two identical copies of the
card are filled out with all the information required; one is kept at the hospital and the other is
forwarded to the Civil Register.
Use of biometrics technologies in the identification process
Although this book has dealt with biometrics, explaining its definition and scope, we recall
a definition given in previous papers, understanding by biometrics all those human beings’
identification and authentication methods through their physiological and behavioural traits.
Individuality is what makes one element different from all the similar elements of the same
specie; and to determine individuality it is necessary to compare, placing one element by the
other to be able to observe similitude and differences between both. (CASAL; 2010).
El Social e-ID Framework provides a definition of biometrics technology, understanding as such
“the biometric acknowledgement of the automated methods that ensure individuals recognition
based on distinguishable physical or behavioural traits. Technologies used in biometrics include
recognition of fingerprints, face, veins patterns, iris, voice and typing rhythm, among others.”
The above-mentioned Ibero American Framework includes in its glossary the definition of a
biometrics system as “the computerized recognition system based on one or various patterns
that operates requiring biometric data to an individual, collecting a pattern of the data
acquired and comparing the sample against a previously registered template. Depending on the
application, this template can be stored in a centralized database or in an individual device as
a token or smart card.”
There are two types of identities, the absolute identity and the practical identity; the latter is
the one that is determined demonstrating sufficient similitude and is in fact the relevant one at
the time of dealing with biometric systems.
Therefore, identity is the set of characteristics that individualize a person: name, age, nationality,
civil status, profession, personal marks, fingerprints, etc. (SILVEYRA; 2006)
Recently, the word biometrics has been identified with the automated methods that analyze
determined human characteristics in order to identify and authenticate individuals (SIGÜENZA
PIZARRO Y TAPIADOR MATEOS; 2005)
Biometrics allows recognizing an individual’s physical or behavioural traits. At present, there are
different types of possible recognition through: fingerprints, iris, palm, DNA, veins, handwriting,
and typing rhythm, among others. In the last five years, biometrics technologies have shown
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