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Currently, civil identification of Brazilians is done by identity card (Carteira de Identidade),
issued by the identification bureau of one of the federal states or the Federal District, conform
to Law No. 7.116 dated 29 August 1983, with regulations in terms of Decree No. 89.250 dated 27
December 1983. This law was responsible for the standardisation of a national model of civil
identity. Since then, there has been no investment in or projects related to civil identification in
most of the federal states of Brazil, and in particular nothing related to advances in technology
and the needs of contemporary society. As a result, the identity card became an obsolete
document.
The current system of personal identification legally permits a citizen to obtain up to 27
identity cards, each with a different number, in different states. Add to that the fact that several
identification bureaus have problems searching their fingerprint records before issuing an
identity card, meaning that a person is able to cheat the system and obtain a number of identity
numbers with different personal details in the same state or federal unit.
Another factor contributing to the weakness of this system is the complete absence of
integration, at both state and national level, which prevents the investigation of details among
the bodies responsible for identification. The State and society are harmed by this fragmentation
and institutional dislocation, which compromises the degree of trust placed in the documents
issued.
The ongoing project is based on the particular requirement to guarantee the fundamental
rights of the citizen. Article 5 of the Constitution states that: “All persons are equal before the
law, without any distinction whatsoever, Brazilians and foreigners residing in the country being
ensured of inviolability of the right to life, to liberty, to equality, to security and to property”.
Subsection X provides that: “the privacy, private life, honour and image of persons are inviolable,
and the right to compensation for property or moral damages resulting from their violation is
ensured”.
Despite this, these constitutional guarantees are disregarded daily, and the private life, honour
and image of citizens are violated when their names are used improperly to set up phantom
companies, to take out loans and for other purposes based on their social relationships, creating
debts and requiring them to prove their own identity. Many people answer for crimes they
didn’t commit as a result of the deficiencies of the current identity card, while others are buried
like paupers because of the lack of integration between civil identification records.
In terms of Law No. 9.454 dated 7 April 1997, a unique RIC (Civil Identity Register) number,
contained within the identity card, will be generated and supplied by the central agency once
the uniqueness of the citizen’s identity, based on fingerprint records, has been confirmed. In
terms of Decree No. 7.166 dated 5 May 2010, the new document will give an individual a record
in CANRIC - the National Register of Civil Identification - which will be created using the RIC
register to catalogue the details needed for the unequivocal identification of citizens.
In terms of Decree No. 7.166/2010, the system’s central agency will be responsible for the
coordination, archiving and control of CANRIC. The appropriate federal entities, in conjunction
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