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allow citizens to access to the information the government possess about them.
For this purpose, the Government needs to have certainty about “who” is requesting information
and “what” private information about a citizen that individual is receiving, in other words, “who”
is on the other side of the computer.
This is the point where the identification factor is relevant and on which the strategy that such
digital information be forged through the “triple factor” is based.
“Something that I know, something that I have and something that I am” is the expression
coined by those who support the use of a key, a device of the token/card type and a verifiable
biometric record as the elements to reinforce the integrity of identity verification through
digital means. Moreover, it can be found that depending on the information to which it is
intended to access, the IT world speaks about a fourth factor, “where I am”, and its usefulness,
security and privacy are under discussion.
Further than digital inclusion policies and the path started towards the “Open Data” and the
“Open Government”, there is no doubt that the axis of every administration, its support and
service are centred in citizens, the care of them, their protection, their education and their
opinion. For this reason, including them socially, including them digitally and recognizing them
univocally protecting their cyber identity it is not an alternative but an obligation.
Identification, biometrics and the biometric piramid
It is very important to understand that the validation methods applied for known users and
dealt with in various documents along different times in human evolution were based on digital
security, protection by a key (something that I know) and a device (something that I have) that
“authorises” the possessor to have access to a system, for example.
When speaking of a third factor, the biometric factor, certainty is higher but “of whom?” As an
example and briefly, we are going to describe the paths followed by an Argentine citizen in line
with current legislation.
Every individual is born with biometric patterns (e.g. fingerprints, plantar prints), then that
plantar print is recorded in the hospital (plantar print of the new born) and his or her parents,
tutors or person in charge report it to the National Citizen Registry, through its corresponding
offices, declaring the name they give to him/her, and where he/she is given an identity number
and in turn he/she receives a legal entity materialized in a National Identity Document that
entitles him/her, if needed, to request social and sanitary assistance, among others, within the
competent legal framework.
At school age this identity document is renewed for the first time, and now, bearing a facial
photo, the new Identity Document is issued with the first biometric identifier (facial photo)
associated to biographical information (First names, last names, etc.).
As of 16 years old, the third Document is issued, now including fingerprints that enable to check
through automated fingerprint identification systems that those fingerprints are univocally
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