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Each tooth has five visible surfaces 8 : mesial, distal, occlusal or incisal, vestibular, and lingual
or palatal, so that one can come across innumerable possible combinations of cavities,
restorations, missing teeth, and anomalies in the position, form or number of the teeth, and so on.
With a view to using standardised and internationally recognised nomenclature, Argentina’s
dentists use the Two-Digit notation system approved by the FDI 9 and Interpol 10 . This consists in
dividing each jaw into two quadrants which are numbered from right to left from 1 to 4, giving
a total of four quadrants. Each quadrant comprises eight teeth, which are numbered from the
midline towards the third molar, the central incisor being numbered 1 and the third molar 8. This
numbering applies to the permanent dentition. For example, Upper Right Central Incisor: 1.1 :For
the temporary dentition, the quadrants are numbered right to left from 5 to 8; the teeth are
numbered from 1 to 5, again starting from the central incisor.
For example, Upper Right Central Incisor: 5.1, where the first number corresponds to the upper
right quadrant and the second number to the central incisor.
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Being protected by bone and mucous structures, such as the skull, the jaws, muscles and
aponeuroses, the entire oral cavity, situated in a humid environment and largely comprised of
inorganic material, is capable of withstanding temperatures of up to 1,000 degrees, making it the
ideal means of identification of the victims of fire or disaster.
When teeth are subjected to fire, various states can be seen, as follows:
• The teeth remain intact (up to 100°C)
• The teeth are burnt (change of surface coloration between 150°C and 270°C)
• The teeth are broken or carbonised (reduced to charcoal by incomplete combustion at
temperatures of between 300°C and 1100°C)
• The teeth are incinerated (reduced to ash by temperatures in excess of 1100°C). (vii)
8 All of the surfaces closest to the midline are designated mesial, and the opposite surfaces are designated distal. The biting surfaces
of incisors are called incisal, and those of premolars and molars are called occlusal. The canines have two sides, one mesial, the other
distal, but they are considered incisal edges. The surfaces which face outwards to the vestibule of the mouth are described as
vestibular, and those which face inwards are either palatal, if they are connected to the upper jaw and therefore close to the palate,
or lingual, if they are of the lower jaw and therefore close to the tongue.
9 The World Dental Federation (FDI) is an organisation with more than 200 members comprising national associations and specialist
groups representing more than a million dentists worldwide. http://www.fdiworldental.org/ http://www.fdiworldental.org/
10 Interpol is the largest international police organisation in the world, with 188 member countries. Created in 1923 with the aim of fa
cilitating international cooperation between neighbouring countries, it supports or assists the agencies, authorities and services
whose mission is to prevent or fight international crime. http://www.interpol.int/public/icpo/default.asp
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Fig. 4 : Odontogram using two-digit notation