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American Social Electronic Identification. (MARCO; 2011)
The Social e-ID Framework attempts to be a starting point to orient the discussions on legal and
technical aspects necessary to sign agreements on data interchange, systems interoperability
and development of common technological standards in the field of electronic identification,
including biometrics technologies and digital signature certificates.
Conclusions
As we already said in a previous paper (CASAL; 2010), the issue of identification in digital
environments has not been solved yet. On the contrary, due to the development of
e-government transactional platforms, it is an aspect that has been started to be analyzed.
On the one hand, nations have traditional citizen identification systems that consist
of identity documents and travel documents for border transit. On the other hand,
electronic-information systems use different technological elements to authenticate
individuals in such applications.
At present, as regards the e-government aspect, the trend is to use authentication mechanisms
based on shared keys, and an incipient movement tends to use digital certificates, basically to
identify safe web sites.
Moreover, since a few years ago, biometric identification systems emerged. Powerful
technologies have been developed to recognize individuals through biometric data: iris,
fingerprints, face, hand, veins, DNA, among others.
These biometrics technologies have been applied in various countries to issue identity
documents, by including in such documents devices to store an individual’s biometric
information, i.e. data that would later enable the identity verification of that individual.
The use of biometrics is beneficial for governments as it facilitates the indubitable identification
of individuals, and, if technological devices are included, it would allow enlarging the scope of
e-government policies. But mostly, it is a necessary instrument to protect the identity of each
of us. Being identity theft one of the commonest crimes of our times, nothing better than
biometric identification to protect our right to identity. (CASAL; 2010)
The right to identity is an extremely personal right. We share with Bustamante Donas the
concept that “There is no social justice without social inclusion, and on these days social
inclusion cannot be understood without digital inclusion”. The identity concept is intimately
related to citizenship, understood as the capacity to interact with administrations through
information networks and to access to the most complete and simplest to use services”.
(BUSTAMANTE DONAS; 2007)
The e-ID Framework for the first time introduces a distinction and a relationship. The distinction
is connected with the clear definition of signature, identification and authentication. We say
that for the first time it sets up a relationship as when introducing the electronic authentication
concept, it establishes a connection between identification and electronic/digital signature.
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