Brasil e China no Reordenamento das Relações ... - Funag

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commitments, to some extent and during a certain period of time,
would prevent Chinese exporters from receiving equal treatment in
their competition in foreign markets. Thus, one of the major challenges
faced by China and Chinese enterprises has been how to overcome the
difficulties deriving from these obligations and commitments.
WTO membership exposed Chinese enterprises, workers and services
providers to intensified foreign competition. While Chinese firms are
forced to become more efficient and productive, greater competition has
led to some dislocation of firms and jobs and to hardship for some citizens.
In order to overcome the difficulties posed by foreign competition, the
Chinese authorities need to undertake the necessary structure adjustment
and further reforms. They have to encourage an influx of technological
innovation, which in turn could lead to greater opportunities for betterpaying
jobs and a wider selection of goods and services for the vast
majority of Chinese people.
With the implementation of the market-opening commitments, there
had been a big surge in imports of both goods and services in recent year.
These increased imports have certainly increased China’s leverage or
barging power vis-à-vis its major trading partners. The question here is
how to balance this with the accessibility of China’s exports to its major
trading partners’ markets.
Last, but not the least, China would certainly require to make best
use of the multilateral dispute settlement mechanism. In order to benefit
from the functioning of the system, apart from strong individual and
cooperative economic units, China would also require the availability
of institutions (both governmental and private). It is in the nature of the
WTO that everything is dependent on detailed facts. Details are required
in its various agreements, including its dispute settlement provisions.
Adaptation to the WTO Agreements would require further great efforts.
Long-term efforts in capacity-building would be required in order to
set up adequate legal expertise, as has been the experience of many
developing-country WTO members in recent years.
China is still relatively a new member and has less experience in
the system. Since its accession to the WTO in 2001, China has initiated
8 cases as complainants mainly regarding contingency protection and
trade remedy measures against its exports. China has also responded to 21
complaints brought by other WTO Members concerning GATT, GATS,
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