Johnson 2004 - CDLI - UCLA

than indicating the location or adverbial case of the bottle of wine or its contents. The
telicity of the construction probably arises from the fact that the particle forms what is
known as a small clause along the same lines as the resultative secondary predicates
discussed above.
(86) a. Mary drank [ small clause the bottle [ adjective dry]]
b. Mary poured [ small clause the bottle [ particle out]
The similarity between these two constructions is not surprising, particularly in light of
the fact that both the adjective “dry” and the particle “out” are intransitive states and both
refer to the defining property of the endpoint of the event that the predicate refers to.
It should probably be noted as well that, in English at least, resultative secondary
predicates (“Mary drank the bottle dry”) and particle-verb constructions show complex
interactions and co-occurrence restrictions with low applicative constructions. Den
Dikken, for example, offers the following paradigm (1995, 173).
(87) a. **They sent [ Indirect object Bob [ Direct object a package [ Particle off]]].
b. **They fixed [ Indirect object John [ Direct object a date [ Particle up]]].
c. **They handed [ Indirect object the children [ Direct object candies [ Particle out]]].
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