Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD strong role for civil society as well in monitoring processes and in constructive, partnerships with companies and governments. References Abisoye, S. (1994) “Abisoye Panel Report on NNPC” Newswatch October 24 Nigeria. Amale, Ayo S. (2002), The Constraints of Nigeria’s Economic Diplomacy in Ogwu and Olukoshi (eds.) the Economic Diplomacy of the Nigerian State. Aluko, Olajide (1990) Oil at Concessionary Prices for Africa 1960-1990 ed. by Olusanya, G. O. and Akindele NIIA pp322-348. Amale, Ayo S. (2002), The Constraints of Nigeria’s Economic Diplomacy in Ogwu and Olukoshi (eds.) the Economic Diplomacy of the Nigerian State. Anikpo, M. (1995) Poverty and the Democratic Process: The New Face of Mass Poverty in Nigeria Uniport Press. Adebayo, A. (1991) Principles and Practice of Public Administration in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Book Ltd. Asechemie D.S. (1 999) Anatomy of Public Sector Accounting in Nigeria. Port Harcourt: Sunray Books Ltd. Encarta Dictionary (2009) Betts, A. Eagleton-Pierce M. & Roemer-Mahler, A. (2006): ‘The International Politics of Oil,’’ St Anthony’s International Review Volume 2, Number 1, May pp 3-10. Dokubo,A. M. 2004’’Niger Delta Peoples in the Nigerian State’’ The Angus, Vol.3. No.61 Nov. 9- 11. p4. Erwin, Jerry (2006). "The Challenges Facing the Intelligence Community Regarding Global Oil Depletion". Portland Peak Oil. http://www.portlandpeakoil.org/node/1116. Retrieved 2009-04-29. Falae, 0. (1989) “The report of the Public Accounts Committee”: Daily Times, Nigeria. September 14. Fubara, B .A. (1984) Negative Profitability Performances of Public Enterprises in developing countries. A business Policy Anatomy. Journal of CPE, Vol.4, No.3. Horngreen, C.T. (1983) Cost Accounting-A Managerial Emphasis, 5th Edition. New York, U. S .A. Prentice Hall Inc. Irekponor, A. and Tamunokubie, Paul (2010) Journal of Social Science and Development JSSD Vol. 1 No.2 April 2010 Ihonvbere, Julius O. (1982), Resource Availability and Foreign Policy Change: The Impact of Oil on Nigerian Foreign Policy since Independence Africa Spectrum. Kalagbor, S.B (2007) Women and the Democratic Project in Nigeria: Signposts to Political Empowerment, Journal of General Studies 2007, vol.1. No.1. Nixon, R. M. (1973) “Address to the Nation about National Energy Policy,” November 25. Nuka, Wilcox B. (1982)’’Ogoni Peoples Fury’’ The Guardian December 17, p13. Oruwari, Yomi (1996) Women Development and the Nigeria Environment, Vantage Publishers, Ibadan. “United States: Rethinking the Axis of Oil,” The Economist, April 30, 2005, p. . 92
Abstract Land Based Sources of Pollution in Lagos Lagoon Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Oshisanya, K. I kharphioshi@yahoo.com Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos Nigeria. Due to lack of recent and detailed scientific data on Lagos lagoon there is an urgent need for a precise qualitative and quantitative assessment of the significant sources of land-based pollution in the region. In Lagos lagoon the major source of pollution from land-based activities is constituted by litter, solid wastes, plastics and other marine debris which threatens marine life, degrades the visual amenities of marine and coastal areas, with negative effects on tourism and general aesthetics. The major contaminants originate from various domestic discharges and run-offs (including markets, hospitals, etc.) as well as industrial facilities (from breweries, food, textile, wood processing), Agricultural run-off, Oil and gas. The main consequences are public health risks from the presence of sewage pathogens, eutrophication or oxygen depletion due to excess load of nutrients and organic carbon as well as contamination of the marine and human organisms through the aquatic food chain the water quality deterioration resulting from the insidious sewage runoff phenomenon, in particular during the rainy season, posed a major risk to the coastal and marine environment and to people health. The chronic lack of hygiene in most of these environments results in an increase in the number of infections among the population, in particular among children, with the result that epidemics of typhoid, hepatitis and malaria are common. Introduction Land-based sources of pollution of the urban area of Lagos are best understood giving an insight into the structure and uniqueness of the Lagoon. The Lagos lagoon is the largest of the four lagoon systems of the Gulf of Guinea. It stretches for about 25km from Cotonou in the Republic of Benin to the western edge of the Niger Delta. The brackish water lagoon subtending the island of Lagos is generally located between longitude 3” 10’ and 3” 45’E and latitude 6”15’and 6”15’N. The estimated area of the main body of the lagoon is 150.5km 2 . These wide sheets of shallow water which cover ancient river beds and creeks extend inland. The tidal range is small, only about 0.6 – 1.2m. The interconnecting creeks are also very shallow and are sites of active silting and deposition of mud. Lagos, like any other fast growing cities around the globe, pays the ultimate price; Pollution, due to a new and trendy disposable lifestyle of the developing and developed countries. With a population just over ten million is the largest and most industrialized city in Nigeria. Over sixty percent of Nigeria’s industrial production facilities are located in Lagos. These include over 2000 industries on twelve industrial estates, five of which contain the majority of large and medium-sized industries. . The major sources of land based pollution in the city are textiles, food processing, metallurgical (electroplating), rubber and plastics, pharmaceuticals and chemical industries and paint facilities. With the exception of the treatment works at Agbara Estate and a few primary treatment facilities located in industries, almost no wastewater is treated in Lagos. Most surveys show that industries discharge their liquid effluents through ditches, shallow pits, gutters or trenches which eventually empty into the Lagos lagoon (FMWH, 1983; Ajao 1990). 93
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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The cost structure Challenges in th
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Track 9: Global Studies and Politic
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Conclusions and Implications Challe
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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district hospitals: Evidence from N
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Defining the Organisational Culture
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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References: Challenges in the Era o
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Figure 5: Causal loop diagram inclu
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The study seeks to: • examine typ
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Abstract Marketing Nigerian medicin
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Abstract Customer satisfaction with
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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Postgraduate 19 Internet experience
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Average daily Internet hours z P-va
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Results Challenges in the Era of Gl
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Football Spectatorship Challenges i
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