Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD limited visibility and lack of control over flows of commodities and information as they pass through protracted and convoluted supply chains. The INEC attributed the rescheduling of April 2011 general elections to disruptions in its supply chain with respect to suppliers’ failure to deliver the electoral sensitive materials and result sheets to a significant number of polling stations throughout Nigeria. Given Nigerian immature physical infrastructure, less developed supply chain logistics management knowledge, and sophomoric understanding of international procurement/purchasing and supply management standards, it was not surprising that the April 2011elections suffered the consequence of supply chain breakdown. Disruptions are events that can occur in supply chains within and across the supply chain. Strategic supply chain logistics planning can be of great importance to the success of elections in Sub- Saharan African countries particularly in Nigeria. Security and securing the transportation and distribution of electoral materials to polling stations are the most critical factors in planning and implementing logistics activities. Nigerian has had its share of marred elections owing to challenging logistics, procedural, and organizational problems. Some of the materials in short supply included stamp pad, liquid gum, voting cubicles, lamps, calculators, identity cards coupled with the mix-up in party logos and names of parties as well as non-availability of the names of individuals who have voters’ cards on the voter register. Supply chain disruptions owing to unpredictable blind spots can have an enormous impact on the organization’s ability to meet its objectives. It behoves organizations to improve their visibility as blind spots increase geometrically with supply chain complexity. Blind spots in supply chain can result in poor decisions, cost mistakes, missed opportunities, and lost customers’ confidence. Blind spots in the recent Nigerian elections led to postponed elections and lost in voters’ confidence. Risk management is a systematic and analytical process that considers the likelihood that risk can disrupt achieving organization objectives and to identify response strategies that can reduce the risk and mitigate the associated consequences. However, despite the growing menace of disruptions in today’s supply chains, response to supply chain blind spots (risks) is reactive. Therefore, the identification and qualification of supply chain blind spot (risk) or failure modes is imperative in transitioning from reactive to proactive (or predictive) supply chain risk management. Hence developing predictive risk management of supply chains can help organizations such as the INEC identify key supply chain blind spots before disruptions occur. This will enable INEC the time to develop proper plans to mitigate the supply blind spots. Also, leveraging supply chain visibility can help INEC respond to elections supply chain blind spots quicker, boost on-time deliveries, and increase complete deliveries. Better understanding of supply chain risk management will enable INEC to be well positioned for the next elections cycle (April 2015). References Akalugo, A. C. (2011). “An Expert Opinion on INEC-Jega’s Logistics Failure.” Nigerians Abroad, April 7. Christopher, M. (1998). Logistics and Supply Chain Management – strategies for reducing costs and improving service. 2nd ed. London: Financial Times: Pitman Publishing. Craighead, C.W., Blackhurst, J., Rungtusanatham, M.J., Handfield, R.B. (2007). “The Severity of Supply Chain Disruptions: Design Characteristics and Mitigation Capabilities.” Decision Sciences, 38(1) 131- 156. Enslow, B. (September 2004). Supplier Performance Management: What Leaders Do Differently – A Benchmark Report in How Companies Manage Supplier Performance and Supply disruptions. Aberdeen Reports. Handfield, R. (n. d). “Reducing the Impact of Disruptions to the Supply Chain: A Managerial Framework Based on Observations from Multiple Executives.” http://www.sas.com/resources/asset/sascom.pdf Heaney, B. (March 2011). “Supply Chain Visibility Excellence: Fostering, Security, Resiliency, and Efficiency.” Aberdeen Group. http://v1.aberdeen.com/launch/report/benchmark/6834-RA-supply- chain-visibility.asp?lan=US. 582
Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Hendricks, K., Singhal, V. (2005). “Association between Supply Chain Glitches and Operating Performance.” Management Science, 51(5): 695-711. http://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/vo/vod. ACE Electoral Knowledge Network – Logistics. http://www.gistexpress.com/2011/04/03/ nigerian- elections-suffers-logistics-problems%E2%80%A6-reelection-scheduled/). “Nigerian Elections suffers logistics … Reelection elections scheduled…” http://naijan.com/logistics-problem-the-reason-behind-nigeria-general-election-postponement/. “Logistics Problems- the Reason Behind Nigerian General Elections Postponement” http://radionigeriaibadan.com/index.php/news-item-5/561-ngo-urges-inec-to-take-care-of-logisticalproblems.html. “NGO Urges INEC to Take care of Logistical Problems.” Jinadu, L. A. (1997). “Matters Arising: African Elections and the Problem of Electoral Administration.” African Journal of Political Science, Vol. 2, No , 1-11. Kleindorfer, P. R., Saad, G.H. 2005. “Managing Disruption Risks in Supply Chains.” Production and Operations Management, 14(1): 53-68. Minis, I., Paraschi, M., and Tzimourtas, A. (2006). “The Design of Logistics Operations for the Olympic Games.” International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vo. 36, No. 8, 621- 641. MIT Research Project (2003). “Supply Chain: Response to Terrorism.” Center for Transportation and Logistics. Mitroff, I., Alpaslan, M. (2003). “Preparing for Evil.” Harvard Business Review, 81(4): 109-115. Pochard, S., 2003. Managing Risks of Supply-Chain Disruptions: Dual Sourcing as a Real Option. Thesis (Master), MIT. Qiang, Q., Nagurney, A., and Dong, J. (2008). Modeling of Supply Chain Risk Under Disruptions with Performance Measurement and Robustness Analysis in Managing Supply Chain Risk and Vulnerability: Tools and Methods for Supply Chain Decision Makers, Wu, T. and Blackhurst, Editors, Springer, Berling, Germany, 2009. Sadlovska, V. (September 2008). “Beyond Visibility: Driving Supply Chain Performance.” Aberdeen Group. http://www.cleartrack.com/content/content/Aberdeen_VISIBILITY.pdf. Sahara Reporters. (April 2, 2011). “Nigeria’s Parliamentary Elections Postponed Due to Massive Logistics Failure.” Sheffi, Y. (2001), “Supply Chain Management under the Threat of International Terrorism”, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1-11. Sheffi, Y. (2005). The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. THEWILL. (2011). “Botched NASS Election Exposes Deep Flaws in INEC.” http://thewillnigeria.com/politics/8080-Botched-NASS-Election-Exposes-Deep-Flaws-INEC- THEWILL-Investigations.html. Tohamy and Sirkisoon. (2008). “Managing the Biggest Supply Chain Risk of All: Constant Change.” AMR Research. Tomlin, B. and Wang, Y. (n. d). Operational Strategies for Managing Supply Chain Disruption Risk.” http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/brian.tomlin/work/Tomlin_WangChapter.pdf. Vanguard. (April 2, 2011). “Nigeria: logistics problems – INEC postpones elections…” Zajac, E., Bazerman, M. (1991). “Blind Spots in Industry and Competitor Analysis: Implications of Interfirm (Mis)Perceptions for Strategic Decisions.” Academy of Management Review, 16: 37- 56. 583
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Challenges in the Era of Globalizat
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Track 1: Accounting, Finance, and I
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Research Findings Challenges in the
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Abstract Land Based Sources of Poll
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Abstract On the Mitigation of Rever
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Assessment of pollutants in nigeria
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Figure 1: Lagos off shore survey po
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Table: Model Fitness Regression Sta
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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The cost structure Challenges in th
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Empirical Analysis Challenges in th
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Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-S
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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district hospitals: Evidence from N
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Figure 1: Components of Data Analys
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Abstract Marketing Nigerian medicin
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References Challenges in the Era of
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firms attained below average market
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Abstract Customer satisfaction with
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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Postgraduate 19 Internet experience
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Average daily Internet hours z P-va
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Football Spectatorship Challenges i
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