Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD Socio – Demographic correlates � Age � Gender � Education � Marital Status � Number of Children � Family Size � Social Class � Income / Purchasing power � Geographical location / place of residence � Occupation Source: Author’s own conceptualization Figure 1: The Composite Approach for Profiling ESC Consumer Psychographic Correlates � Altruism � PCE � Political Orientation (Conservation or liberalism) � Values � Personality - Locus of control - Alienation - Conservatism - Dogmatism � Race / Culture � Lifestyle ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN Knowledge Attitude Behaviour Profiling the ESC consumer Pro – Environmental Purchase Decision Correlates � General purchase behavior scale. Some have argued in favour of demographic measures as being suitable as starting point and for providing initial insight into the ESC consumer (eg Laroche et al, 2001). Some authors have posited proenvironmental purchase decision approach, arguing that both socio-demographic measures and psychographic measures offer limited utility in profiling the ESC consumer (eg Schlegelmilch et al, 1996). To Schlegelmilch and associates, the purchase habit of the consumer provides better insights. Taken collectively, the contradictory perspectives have made inconclusive the argument as to which approach is most suitable for profiling the ESC consumer. Thirdly, akin to the second point above, the results on the common correlates (say, Age) used by scholars under each approach (say, sociodemographic) is contradictory. Few common results exist for each correlate. This is partly explained by the time, context, methodology adopted, as well as the evolving nature of the ESC consumer. Little wonder, country-specific study on profiling the ESC segment has been suggested (eg Hartono, 2008). 644
Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Fourth, evidence from our evaluation of the various approaches for profiling the ESC consumer shows that none of the existing approaches survived the 5S evaluation criteria. Accordingly, to mitigate this shortcoming, this review posit the S-P-P Model, which is an integrated and robust approach for profiling the ESC consumer segment. Implication and limitation. Consequent upon the shortcomings of previous approaches for profiling the ESC consumer, this paper posits the S-P-P approach. Studies to be executed on country-specific bases (especially the countries in SSA) should be executed drawing insight from the S-P-P approach. Though not yet tested, it is envisaged that the S-P-P model will provide robust, detailed, constructive, and penetrating insight about the ESC consumer. This paper provides a very useful insight about the ESC segment generally, thus providing ESC companies with background information on how best to target the ESC consumer segment; while encouraging context/country-specific study that employs the S-P-P approach to unearth the profile of this consumer segment. This review is not exhaustive in that it did not review methodological issues (such as sampling, measurement instrument, and scale development) that underpin each of profiling approaches. References Anderson, T. Jr and Cunningham, W.H. (1972). ``The socially conscious consumer’’, Journal of Marketing, 36 (7). 23-31. Arbuthnot, J. and Lingg, S. (1975), A comparison of French and American environmental behaviours, knowledge and attitude. International Journal of Psychology, 10(4), 275-281. Antil, J. H. (1984). Socially responsible consumers: Profile and implications for public policy. Journal of Macromarketing, 5(18), 18-39. Banyte, J., Brazioniene, L. & Gadeikiene, A. (2010). Investigation of Green Consumer Profile: A case of Lithuanian market of eco-friendly food products. Economics and Management, 1(15), 374-383 Belz, F. & Peatie, K. (2010). Sustainability Marketing. London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Berkowitz, L. and Lutterman, K.G. (1968), The traditional socially responsible personality, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 32, pp. 169-85. Brooker, G. (1976), The self-actualizing socially conscious consumer'', Journal of Consumer Research, 3(4), 107-112. Devall, W.B. (1970). Conservation: An upper-middle class social movement, a replication. Journal of Leisure Research, 3, 123-6. Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B. B., and Sinkovics, R. R. (2003). Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? A review of the evidence and an empirical investigation, Journal of Business Research, 56(2003) 465-480. D’Souza, C., Taghian, M. & Lamb, P. (2006). An empirical study on the influence of environmental labels on consumers. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 11(2), 162-173. Elkington, J. (1989). Why it pays to be green, Weekend Financial Times, October 14, p. 13. Getzner, M., Grabner-Kräuter, S. (2004). Consumer preferences and marketing strategies for “green shares”. Specifics of the Austrian market. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 4, 260-278. Harry, J., Gale, R. & Hendee, J. (1969). Conservation: An upper-middle class social movement. Journal of Leisure Research, 2, 246-54. Hartono, A. (2008). Adopting socio-demographic characteristics in profiling green consumers: A review of hypotheses, Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 12(1). Hine, D.W. and Gifford, R. (1991). Fear appeals, individual differences, and environmental concern, The Journal of Environmental Education, 23(1), 36-41. Hooley, G.J. and Saunders, J. (1993). Competitive Positioning: The Key to Marketing Strategy, Prentice Hall International, London. Jain, S.K. & Kaur, G. (2006). Role of Socio-demographics in Segmenting and Profiling Green 645
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Challenges in the Era of Globalizat
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Track 1: Accounting, Finance, and I
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Research Findings Challenges in the
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Abstract Land Based Sources of Poll
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Abstract On the Mitigation of Rever
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Assessment of pollutants in nigeria
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Figure 1: Lagos off shore survey po
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Academic Pry School 3 3 0 Backgroun
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Track 5: Management Education Chall
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Table: Model Fitness Regression Sta
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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The cost structure Challenges in th
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Empirical Analysis Challenges in th
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Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-S
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Conclusions and Implications Challe
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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Defining the Organisational Culture
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Convenient location of banks Challe
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Abstract Customer satisfaction with
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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GOVERNMENT MoFED SECTORS Structure
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