Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

Challenges in the Era of Globalization
Edited by Emmanuel Obuah
the banks in Ghana. The organisational culture traits were examined at organisational level by
aggregating the results of individual banks. The Denison Survey instruments were used for the data
collection from the permanent employees of four selected commercial banks with branches in Accra and
Kumasi (the two leading cities in Ghana). Out of 26 commercial banks in Ghana made up of public
domestic, private domestic, Pan-African, or multinational categories, the leading bank from each category
was purposely selected for the study. The selected banks were Ghana Commercial Bank for public
domestic, Merchant Bank for private domestic, Ecobank Bank for Pan-African, and Barclays Bank for
multinational. Fifty permanent employees were purposively selected from each of the four banks for the
study. Out of the total 200 sampled 136 responded, giving it a response rate of 68% (see Table 1). The
sample and response rate compare adequately to the original study of Denison (1990) where a minimum
of 25 respondents were required from each organisation, and then from Denison and Fey (2003) which
used 179 sample size from 497 firms. Survey questionnaire adapted the Denison Organizational Culture
Survey (Denison and Mishra 1995, Denison and Neale 1996, Denison et al. 2002) where four cultural
traits, namely involvement, adaptability, consistency and mission were used based on a five-point Likert
scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. In addition, key informant interviews were also
conducted to support the questionnaires. The data was analysed with the aid of SPSS and varied
statistical analysis performed. A limitation is that the application of the Denison’s model to the Ghanaian
environment may suffer from cultural relativity and thus reliability and validity of the findings.
Findings and Discussion
The distribution of the selected banks and their responses are illustrated in table 1. Furthermore, out of
200 questionnaires distributed among the four selected banks, 136 were retrieved, representing 68%
response rate.
Table 1: Distribution of Selected Banks and their Responses for the Study
Category Name of Bank Designation No of Responses %
Public Domestic Ghana Commercial Bank Bank A 28 20.6
Private Domestic Merchant Bank Bank D 14 10.3
Pan African Ecobank Bank Bank E 44 32.3
Multinational Barclays Bank Bank B 50 36.8
Total 136 100
Response rate 68%
Culture Profile of the Selected Banks
The mean score values of the twelve culture attributes together with the four main culture traits which
serve as indexes of the twelve attributes are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Distribution of the Twelve Culture Variables with their Mean Scores in Banks
Public
Domestic
Private
Domestic
Pan-African Multinational
INVOLVEMENT
Empowerment 2.67 3.71 3.80 3.65
Team Orientation 3.24 4.00 3.88 3.96
Capability Development 3.31 4.05 4.20 3.88
Totals 3.07 3.92 3.96 3.83
CONSISTENCY
Core Values 3.50 4.38 4.40 4.14
Agreement 3.14 3.76 3.35 3.60
445