Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD As for the attributes that influence the likelihood of a local leader being involved in bringing agriculture value-added enterprises to their region, the logit model results indicated that age, knowledge, and concerns about increasing profit margin were the most influence attributes. These results have some policy implications. For instance, the finding that those local economic development leaders who are knowledgeable about agriculture value-added initiatives are more likely to be involved in bringing valueadded businesses to their areas calls for additional educational programs for local leaders, especially leaders in rural counties, if agriculture value-added initiatives are to be promoted as a tool for rural development. While the findings highlight some significant variables, the small sample size and coverage area warrant some caution when extending the results to other geographic areas. Amidst these limitations, the findings may be useful for local development officials who consider agricultural value-added initiatives an economic development tool. References Amanor-Boadu, V. 2003. “A Conversation about Value-Added Agriculture.” Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University. Accessed May 14, 2007 at: http://www.agecon.ksu.edu/accc/kcdc/PDF%20Files/Value-Added%20Concept.pdf Barkema, A., and M. Drabenstott. 1996. “Consolidation and Change in Heartland Agriculture.” Economic Forces Shaping the Rural Heartland. Federal Bank of Kansas City, Missouri. Coltrain, D., Barton, D., and Boland, M. 2000. Value Added: Opportunities and Strategies. http://www.agecon.ksu.edu/accc/kcdc/PDF%20Files/VALADD10%202col.pdf Cowan, Tadlock. 2002. Value-Added Agricultural Enterprises in Rural Development Strategies. Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service, the Library of the Congress. Washington, DC. EDDA. 2008. Economic Development Association of Alabama. http://www.edaa.org/ Evans, E. 2006. “Value Added Agriculture: Is It Right for Me?” EDIS document FE638, Food and Resource Economics Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Accessed November 8, 2008 at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FE/FE63800.pdf Govindasamy, R., J. Italia, M. Zurbriggen, and F. Hossain. 2002. Predicting Consumer Willingness-to Purchase Value-Added Products at Direct Agricultural Markets, Journal of Food Products Marketing, 8: 1-15. Green, J. 2002. “Connecting Agriculture, Community Planning, and Economic Development.” Community, Food and Agriculture Program, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University. Accessed October 28, 2008 at: http://media.cce.cornell.edu/hosts/agfood community/fap/aecd/ConnectingAgPlanningED.pdf Gujarati, D. 1992. Essentials of Econometrics. McGraw Hill, New York. Hosmer, D.W., and Lemeshow, S. 2000. Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Kilkenny, Maureen and Gerald Schluter (2001) “Value Added Agriculture Policies Across the 50 States,” Rural America 16(1) May:12-18. Loveridge, S. 2000. “A Behavioral Approach to Understanding Local Leader Incentives in Economic Development,” Research Paper 2007, Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University. Pindyck, R., and Rubinfeld, D. 1991. Econometric Models & Economic Forecasts. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York. Tubene, S. and J. Hanson. 2002. The wholesale produce auction: An alternative marketing strategy for small farms. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 17:1. Woods, Mike, Frye, Jack, and Ralstin, Stan. 1999. “Blueprints for Your Community’s Future: Creating a Strategic Plan for Local Economic Development,” Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, WF-916. 236
Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Understanding critical success factors for entrepreneurs: A comparison of Mbarara Municipality in Uganda and Nnewi Cluster in Nigeria. Abstract Arthur Nuwagaba, anuwagaba@ucu.ac.ug Uganda Christian University, Uganda. Ijeoma Ezeasor, ije_envoscape@yahoo.com University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria. Hope n. Nzewi, dr_mrs_nzewi@yahoo.com Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. Success is a recurring theme in human life. In business, a set of entrepreneurs exposed to similar critical environmental conditions do not necessarily succeed or fail. The paper seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the critical factors that determine the success of entrepreneurs. Length of survival period, innovation and the ability of an entrepreneur to transform and expand are used as benchmarks for success. The rationale for this study is that majority of the businesses do not survive to their 10 th anniversary. The study adopts a qualitative approach. In-depth interview was conducted on deliberately selected entrepreneurs in Mbarara and Nnewi. The findings reveal that there were generally varying views on family members contribution towards entrepreneurial success, concurrent views on the contribution of founding members and successor involvement as vital keys for entrepreneurial success. However, as regards government support, there were very strong divergent views on contribution to entrepreneur success by respondents. Introduction The promotion of an entrepreneurial society has become an important focus on economic policy reforms in both the developing and developed world. As a result, specialized intergovernmental, governmental and non-governmental organisations exclusively dedicated to the promotion, support “entrepreneurial” and “innovative” start-ups have emerged. Existing literature shows that the ability to engage in entrepreneurial activity is not randomly determined. Individuals with particular behavioural traits are likely to sustain and successful grow businesses more than others. Varieties of factors are associated with people’s tendency to engage in entrepreneurial activities. They include psychological attributes such as need for achievement (McClelland, 1961); overconfidence (Busenitz, 1999); locus of control (Evans and Leighton, 1989); optimism (Cooper et al., 1988) and risk taking propensity (Stewart and Roth, 2001). Others include demographic, economic and social factors such as education (Bates, 1995); employment status (Ritsila and Tervo, 2002); age (Bates, 1995); marital status (Evans and Leighton, 1989); income (Amit et al, 1995); career experience (Evans and Leighton, 1989), social ties (Aldrich et al, 1987), and social skills (Baron, 2004). Despite over 40 years and significant prioritisation of entrepreneurial research on reasons for becoming an entrepreneur, strategies for success and reasons for failure often offer incomplete findings. The depth and breadth of available literature offer uncertain explanations and answers to questions to why people engage in entrepreneurial activities, how they manage to sustain growth and environmental factors that influence success (Gartner, 1988; Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Hence, there is a need to continual update literature and support ongoing research on entrepreneurial development. 237
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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Postgraduate 19 Internet experience
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