Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD was placed on each of the areas but the collection was done at random with 350 as the target sample size for the whole study. Questionnaires Stratified sampling techniques were used to select the business owners. The research was conducted in a period of four months where the demographic questionnaire (DQ), developed by Jaworski and Kohli (1993) was adopted. The DQ was developed to gather information about respondents' age, education, gender, and experience. These was administered to 350 entrepreneurs at various areas in Nairobi, the study received feedback from 272 entrepreneurs representing a 78% response rate. This makes it possible to replicate the study in other entrepreneurialism discourse in the region and to compare how policy affects business growth in other cities. The entrepreneurs were asked to fill questionnaire with the help of interviewers and the sample identified whether they were entrepreneurs as a consequence of necessity or opportunity. The questions required them to rank and quantify issues they perceive as important to their success or success of their competitors: location, education, and size of family and legislative measures on entrepreneurial activities. The advantage of using the capital city as a geographical endowed sample makes it even easier to collect primary data. The interviewers did not encounter language barriers as literacy levels are higher within the city than other location. Empirical Analysis This section uses multiple-regression Model to test the theoretical hypotheses; entrepreneurship growth can be influenced by factors associated with policy. The equation is constructed to include age, education, family size and sector (dummy variable) as independent variable. The predicted variable in this case is entrepreneurs’ growth denoted by EG. The variables have been contextualized to fit a developing country. EG = Function (Age, Education, Family Size and Entrepreneurial type) = b1 + b2*age + b3*education + b4*Family Size+ b5* Entrepreneurial Type = b1 + b2*a + b3*Ed + b4*FS + b5* E.T The model shows how acquisition of human capital, increased age of an entrepreneur, size of family commitment, type of entrepreneurship will determine the direction and pace of an enterprise growth. In order to arrive at conclusive results, certain assumptions contextualized in the case study were made as listed below: • The whole study assumes that Entrepreneurial Growth and business success are indistinguishable. • Geographical endowment is higher in the capital city than other areas hence justifying the sample choice. • The model considered only two forms of entrepreneurship which are incorporated as dummy variable; necessity and opportunity entrepreneurial are denoted by 1 and 0 respectively. • In this context, entrepreneurs are the bread winners in the families: imply that family size can affect the capital base. A diagnostic test was performed to ensure that the function conforms to regression classical assumptions. The Visual test did not depict a pattern between business success and residuals that would be associated with heretoskedasticity and mis-specification. 160
Table: Model Fitness Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865600815 R Square 0.74926477 Adjusted R Square 0.745508437 Standard Error 0.125258666 Observations 272 Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah The adjusted R square of 0.749 makes it possible to make further inference to those variables as predictable to business growth. This model provides goodness of fit lower than the acceptable value of 0.05 enable it to be sued to make statistical inference as shown in the table below. Findings As anticipated, the findings yield the expected empirical evidence of relevance to entrepreneurship policy and decision needed to improve regional entrepreneurial growth. The information collected shows that 272 questionnaires were filled reflecting 78% in response rate. The survey showed that 52% of businesses emerged from opportunity while 48% from necessity. Unemployment trends forces job seekers to engage in entrepreneurial activities as a source of income despite their limited business knowledge. The findings show that an increase in family size limits business growth. Those with large families argued that ‘household responsibility’ affected their sales variability as more has to be invested on the family rather than business. The influence age and education had on success rate was relatively higher than other variables. Among those who responded, 87% of them had families, out of which 74 % stated that they regularly rely on funds from the business to meet immediate or extended family commitment. The probability of business success is reduced for large families, while those with better education were more likely to succeed than those without. The study also shows that 69 % of respondent were to the view that policy associated with business startups in Kenya should be improved. Of great concern was the requirement needed to register and operative an enterprise linked to period required. Model Interpretation and Analysis The possible reasons for low response rate with-in formal sector; Fear to disclose personal information that seems to define their business ability or success and some feared the information would be forwarded to Revenue authority for tax purposes. The residual indicate a normal distribution hence making it possible to make further inference on the sample data (Figure 1) and a summary of regression results on the graph below. Graph of Statistical Inference on Normal Distribution Business S 1 0.5 Normal Probability Plot 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Sample Percentile 161
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Track 1: Accounting, Finance, and I
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Research Findings Challenges in the
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Abstract Land Based Sources of Poll
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Abstract On the Mitigation of Rever
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⎧κ ( ω) − ( 1− p) β ( ω)
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Assessment of pollutants in nigeria
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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The cost structure Challenges in th
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Empirical Analysis Challenges in th
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Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-S
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Track 8: Gender and Economic Develo
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Track 9: Global Studies and Politic
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Conclusions and Implications Challe
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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district hospitals: Evidence from N
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Defining the Organisational Culture
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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7. I see globalization as providing
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Track 12: Information Systems and E
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Convenient location of banks Challe
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Figure 1.Framework for Bank selecti
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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References: Challenges in the Era o
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Figure 5: Causal loop diagram inclu
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The study seeks to: • examine typ
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Figure 2: Customer Perception of MT
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Factor Item Loading Imaginative 0.4
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Figure 1: Components of Data Analys
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Abstract Marketing Nigerian medicin
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References Challenges in the Era of
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firms attained below average market
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Abstract Customer satisfaction with
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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Postgraduate 19 Internet experience
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Average daily Internet hours z P-va
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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GOVERNMENT MoFED SECTORS Structure
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�− growth and represented by
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Results Challenges in the Era of Gl
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CSOEs Statesponsored Agenda Resourc
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Figure1.1Inflation and Indexation R
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Football Spectatorship Challenges i
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