Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD Habermas, J. (1987). The Theory of Communicative Actions: Volume Two. Lifeworld and System, a Critique of Functionalist Reason, Boston, MA: Becon Press. IOM (2007) London Mapping Exercise. Retrieved February 15, 2011 from http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/Nigeria%20Mapping%20Exercise%20Report.pdf. IOM, (2010) Mapping Exercise: Nigeria, IOM Dublin. Retrieved March 16, 2011 from http://www.iomdublin.org/Nigeria_Mapping_%20Ex.pdf. Ionescu, D. (2007). ‘Engaging Diasporas as Development Partners for Home and Destination Countries: Challenges for Policymakers’. Retrieved February 10, 2011 from http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/published_docs/serial_publicati ons/mrs26%20interior.pdf. Kitching, J., D. Smallbone & R. Athayde (2009) ‘Ethnic Diasporas and Business Competitiveness: Minority-Owned Enterprises in London’ Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35, (4) 689-705. Kwong, P. (1997). “Manufacturing Ethnicity” Critique of Anthropology 1997 17, 365. DOI: 10.1177/0308275X9701700218. Leung, M. (2002) ‘From four-course Peking duck to take-away Singapore rice: an inquiry into the dynamics of the ethnic Chinese catering business in Germany’, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 8(1/2), 134–47. Mahoney, D. (2007) “Constructing reflexive fieldwork relationships: narrating my collaborative storytelling methodology”, Qualitative Inquiry, 13 (4), 573-94. Manger, L. & M. Assal (2006) Diasporas within and without Africa. Stockholm: Elanders Gotab AB. Masurel, E., P. Nijkamp, M. Tastan and G. Vindigni (2002). ‘Motivations and performance conditions for ethnic entrepreneurship’, Growth and Change, 33(2), 238–60. Misler, E. (1990) “Validation in inquiry-guided research: the role of exemplars in narrative studies”, Harvard Educational Review, 60 (4), 415-42. Montgomery, C.A. (1994) ‘Corporate diversification’. Journal of Economic Perspective 9: 163–178. Morokvasic, M. (1993) ‘Immigrants in garment production in Paris and in Berlin’ in Immigration and entrepreneurship: Culture, capital and ethnic networks. I. Light and P. Bhachu (eds.), 75–96. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Transaction Publishers. Nwankwo, S. (2005) “Characterisation of Black African entrepreneurship in the UK: a pilot study”. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 12 (1), 120-137. Penrose, E.T. (1995). The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: Oxford University Press. Portes, A., W. Haller & L.E. Guarnizo (2002) ‘Transnational entrepreneurs. An alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation.” American Sociological Review 67 (2), 278-298. Redding, G.S. (1990) The spirit of Chinese capitalism. Berlin: De Gruyter. Redfield R., R. Linton & M.J. Herskovits (1936). Memorandum for the Study of Acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38 (1), 149-152. Robson, C. (2002) Real World Research, 2 nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell. Skinner, E. (1982) The Dialectic between Diasporas and Homelands, in; Harris, Joseph E. (ed.), Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora. Washington D.C.: Howard University Press. Stopford, J.M., and J.H. Dunning (1983). Multinationals: Company performance and global trends. London: Macmillan. Tamney, J.B. (1995) The struggle over Singapore’s soul: Western modernization and Asian culture. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Turner, J.H. & E. Bonacich (1980) Toward a Composite Theory of Middleman Minorities. Ethnicity 7, pp. 144-158. Uzzi, B. (1997) ‘Social structure and competition in inter-firm networks: The paradox of embeddedness’. Administrative Science Quarterly 42: 35–67. Waldinger, R., A. Howard, and R. Ward (1990). Ethnic entrepreneurs: Immigrant business in industrial societies. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Winter, R. & C. Munn-Giddings (2001) A Handbook for Action Research in Health and Social Care, London: Routledge. Yin, R.K. (2002) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3 rd edn. London: Sage. 156
Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Entrepreneurial Policy and Business Success in Developing countries: Evidence from Kenya George Yashon Ombado, gyashon@googlemail.com ACCOSCA Abstract Effective Entrepreneurial policy is important for developing countries. Arguably making it one of the catalysts that potentially contribute towards economic growth in Africa; various scholars have linked it with employment creation. It is due to these positive externalities that this paper analyses factors that influence entrepreneurial success and offer policy recommendations. However it does not focus on their linearity; it seeks to show how the impact of the Age, Family size, location and Education has on entrepreneurial progress thus contributing towards development of an effective entrepreneurial policy. Introduction Studies have been conducted to find the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and economic development. However, most of them are less conclusive in providing evidence associated with causal relationship. Those in favor of using entrepreneurship to spur economic performance suggest that policy should be used to achieve a desired entrepreneurial growth. To understand the basis of this argument; the paper identifies two distinct definition of entrepreneurship that separately fits in the context of either developed or developing countries. In doing so, it uses contextual independent variables such as: years spent on education, age of individuals, type of entrepreneurs, location and social setting to predict the outcome of business success and subsequently entrepreneurial growth. This study did not seek to demystify the myth associating developing countries with lack of innovation, instead it adopts Schumpeters’ (1942) definition, to highlight innovation role on entrepreneurial growth. This implies that the challenges affecting implementation of innovated ideas in Africa such as inadequate capital, effective government policy and citizen perception are key hindrance to entrepreneurial development. Hence the growing desire to use institutions’ framework and targeted legislative action to develop entrepreneurship. The policy recommendation is based on the findings and analysis. Conceptual framework This paper acknowledges existence of diverse views on what constitute entrepreneurship. Attempt to show technological innovation as the only route to growth Hart (2003) is disputable as the bases to define entrepreneurs. According to Schumpeters’ (1942) definition, this is a process where new ideas are translated into a new business. The argument in this paper blends the two view point; by showing that entrepreneurship is possible through various types of innovation inclusive of technological innovations. In doing so, a close similarity is drawn between small business and entrepreneurs. In this regard, the perception that technological level of a country is a major influential factor to business growth, Hart (2003) can be misguided. This definition is therefore applicable in developed countries that already rely on technological level for economic growth (Lee et al. 2000). Studies already show that new businesses have an impact on economic growth in both developed and developing countries (Ahmad and Hoffman, 2007). This definition enables the paper to adopt a broad interpretation to include either small business ventures or entrepreneurship, which provides a common ground to predict the variables responsible for entrepreneurial activities. On that basis, it concurs with other studies that have identified 157
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Track 1: Accounting, Finance, and I
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Research Findings Challenges in the
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Abstract On the Mitigation of Rever
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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The cost structure Challenges in th
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Empirical Analysis Challenges in th
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Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-S
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Track 8: Gender and Economic Develo
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Track 9: Global Studies and Politic
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Conclusions and Implications Challe
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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district hospitals: Evidence from N
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Defining the Organisational Culture
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Convenient location of banks Challe
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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References: Challenges in the Era o
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Figure 5: Causal loop diagram inclu
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The study seeks to: • examine typ
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Figure 2: Customer Perception of MT
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Factor Item Loading Imaginative 0.4
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Abstract Marketing Nigerian medicin
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References Challenges in the Era of
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Abstract Customer satisfaction with
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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Postgraduate 19 Internet experience
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Average daily Internet hours z P-va
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Football Spectatorship Challenges i
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