Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD Hsiao, C., M.H. Pesaran, and A.K. Tahmiscioglu, (2002), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Fixed Effects Dynamic Panel Data Models Covering Short Time Periods”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 109, pp. 107-150. Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., and Y. Shin (2003). “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels.” Journal of Econometrics, vol. 115, pp. 53–74. Jack, W. and M. Lewis (2007) “Health investments and economic growth: An overview” Commission on Growth and Development Workshop on Health and Growth, New York: October 16. Jaunky, V.C. and A. J. Khadaroo (2008), “Health care expenditure and GDP: An African perspective”, Applied Econometrics and IInternational Development, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp: 131-146. Kenny, C. (2009) “There’s more to life than money: Exploring the levels/growth paradox in income and health” Journal of International Development Vol 21 pp: 24-41. Levin, A., C.F. Lin, and C.S. Chu. (2002). “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties.” Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1–24. Maddala, G.S. and S. Wu (1999). “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test: Evidence from Simulations and Bootstrap,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61, 631-652. Musgrove, P., R. Zeramdini and G. Carrin (2002), “Basic patterns in national health expenditure” Bulletin of the World Health Organization Vol. 80 No 2 pp: 134-146. Newhouse, J.P. (1977) Medical care expenditure: a cross-national survey. Journal of Human Resources, 12(1): 115-125. Pritchett L. and L.H. Summers (1996), “Wealthier is healthier”, Journal of Human Resources Vol.31 pp: 841-868. Sims CA (1972) Money, income and causality. American Economic Review 62: 540-552. Sulku, S.N. and Caner, A. (2009). “Health care expenditures and gross domestic product: The Turkish case.” Working Paper No 09-03, TOBB University of Economics and Technology. Taguchi, H., H. Murofushi & H. Tsuboue. (2009). “Exchange Rate Regime and Real Exchange Rate Behavior.” New Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) Working Paper Series No. 10, Tokyo, Japan. Van Elk, R., E. Mot and P.H. Franses, (2009) “Modeling health care expenditures: Overview of the literature and evidence from a panel time series model” CPB Discussion Paper #121. Weil, D.N. (2007), “Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1265-1306. World Health Organization, (2000) Roll Back Malaria, Roll Back Malaria Cabinet Project World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization: [Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (COMAH)] (2001) Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 392
Abstract Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Global Fund and Tuberculosis Management in a Ghanaian Public Hospital Mercy Akosua Akortsu 5 akomercy@yahoo.com Department of Finance University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Ghana. Joshua Abor 6 joshabor@ug.edu.gh Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Legon. Ghana The Global Fund is expected to contribute to the management of tuberculosis (TB) and to win the fight against tuberculosis. The objectives of the Global Fund include achieving higher cure rates, increase treatment success rate, reduce mortality rates, higher TB case detection and notification rate and reduce TB patient default rates. This study examined the impact of the Global Fund on the management of TB in a public hospital in Ghana. A case study approach was adopted. The findings of the study revealed that the Global Fund has made some significant contribution in the management of TB at the hospital under study. However, a lot more is required in order to achieve greater success outcomes in the future. A number of useful recommendations are provided. Introduction The economic development of any nation is said to be closely related to the health status of its citizenry. Theoretically, there is a linkage between health and wealth; therefore healthier nations should be able to create more wealth which should translate into growth and development. Ghana is challenged with so many health conditions and diseases. These health conditions include HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria. These predicaments which affect the population may mean that these people are not able to work and therefore the nation looses valuable productivity. Ghana is not among one of the 22 high burden tuberculosis countries yet the disease is a major public health concern in the country (TB CAP, 2010). With an estimated 46,000 new TB cases in 2007, Ghana ranks 19 th in Africa for the highest estimated number of new cases per year (TB CAP, 2010). The World Health Organization estimates that Ghana is detecting only 26% of all cases and 38% of smear positive TB cases (WHO 2009). This means that only a third of the cases are detected annually and many more undiagnosed TB cases in the community are continuously transmitting the infection to susceptible people. Sadly, TB accounts for 40% of mortality cases after post mortem at the hospital under study. It is sad because TB is curable once it is detected early and the patient rigorously follows the treatment administered. According to Lambert and Stuyft (2002), early diagnosis and treatment of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases are the key to interrupting the chain of transmission. Also, late case detection is related to poorer outcomes not only for T.B, but for severe malaria, or HIV-related morbidity. Floyd et al (2002) estimated that to achieve the World Health Organization's tuberculosis control targets, the 22 high-burden countries (HBCs) that collectively account for approximately 80% of the world's tuberculosis cases require about $1 billion per year during the period 2001 to 2005. They also estimated that a further $0.2 billion per year is needed for low and lower-middle income countries outside the 22 HBCs. The Global Fund to fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria has generated passionate debates since 5 MercyAkosua Akortsu is an Executive MBA Finance Graduate from the Universityof Ghana Business School and a Principal Accountant in Health Care Service. 6 Joshua Abor is a Professor of Finance at the University of Ghana Business School. 393
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Track 1: Accounting, Finance, and I
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Research Findings Challenges in the
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Abstract Land Based Sources of Poll
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Abstract On the Mitigation of Rever
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Assessment of pollutants in nigeria
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Figure 1: Lagos off shore survey po
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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The cost structure Challenges in th
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Empirical Analysis Challenges in th
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Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-S
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Track 8: Gender and Economic Develo
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Track 9: Global Studies and Politic
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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7. I see globalization as providing
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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References: Challenges in the Era o
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The study seeks to: • examine typ
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Abstract Marketing Nigerian medicin
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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