Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD Table 1. Descriptive Statistics Variable Name Variable Description Mean Std. Dev. Sign Involvement in VA Have you been involved with bringing agricultural 0.240 0.429 Enterprises value-added enterprises to your local area? = 1 if Yes; 0 other wise Knowledge of VA Are you familiar with any value-added agricultural 0.551 0.518 + Enterprises enterprise in your local area? = 1 if Yes; 0 other wise Increase Local Jobs Concern about increase in local job opportunities. = 1 if Yes; 0 other wise 0.721 0.450 + Increase Farmers’ Profit Concern about increase in profit margin for local 0.370 0.484 + Margin farmers. = 1 if Yes; 0 other wise Location What county do you represent? = 1 if Metropolitan County; 0 otherwise 0.519 0.501 +/- Education What is the highest level of school completed? =1 if High School =2 if Less than 4 year of College =3 if College Graduate =4 if Graduate 3.208 0.702 + Gender Gender = 1 if male; 0 otherwise 0.818 0.387 +/- Age Respondent Age Continuous variable 49.877 12.201 +/- Results The results are presented in Table 2, including the log likelihood coefficient, the Nagelkerke R 2 , the chisquare statistics and the model’s prediction success. The measures of goodness of fit indicate that the model fits the data fairly well. The logit model’s chi-square statistics was significant at p
Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah subject or initiative enhances the likelihood of that particular initiative becoming popular on local leaders’ agenda. The estimated coefficient for the knowledge variable is positive and statistically significant. The estimated change in probability coefficient (0.529) suggests that those local economic development leaders who are knowledgeable about agriculture value-added initiatives are 53 percent more likely to be involved in bringing value-added businesses to their local areas than their counterparts. Table 4. Estimated Results Variable B S.E. t-value Sig. ∆ Prob. Constant -2.040* 0.820 -2.487 0.013 -0.870 Age 0.571* 0.279 2.044 0.052 0.069 Gender -0.022 0.655 -0.034 0.973 -0.022 Education 0.996 0.593 1.681 0.093 0.708 Knowledge 0.425* 0.138 3.084 0.002 0.529 Location -0.131 0.329 -0.399 0.690 -0.123 Local jobs 0.390 0.327 1.193 0.233 0.477 Profit Margin 0.831* 0.258 3.223 0.001 0.296 Predicted 76.600 -Log likelihood 310.605 Chi-square 98.806 Nagelkerke R-Square 0.377 Sample size 154 *, denotes significance at 5 percent or higher level Of all local leaders’ concerns, those who put greater importance on increasing farmers’ profit margin were more likely to be involved with bringing value-added enterprises to their communities. Respondents to whom increasing farmers’ profit margin was important were 30 percent more likely to bring valueadded enterprises to their communities. Surprisingly, the variables measuring concerns about local jobs was not statistically significant at the five percent level or higher, implying that, these concerns are not important in determining local economic development leaders’ involvement in bringing value-added enterprises to their regions. Similarly, the estimated coefficients for the demographic variables (age and gender) and location are insignificant. Conclusion The objective of this paper was to examine attributes of local economic development leaders’ involvement with agriculture value-added initiatives in Alabama. The analysis was based on data collected using a web-based questionnaire that was sent to 367 local leaders of whom 154 responded. The average respondent surveyed was male, 50 years old, has a college degree and represents a metropolitan county. In terms of the key concerns, bringing more jobs to the local areas was identified as the key followed by the desire to promote rural development. Notably, the majority of local leader were concern about the up bring of the area as a whole instead of individual farmers benefiting from the push for value adding initiatives. Cross tabulation results revealed that female local economic leaders with a college education who were 50 years or older had participated more in bringing value-added enterprises to their regions than their counterparts. 235
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Challenges in the Era of Globalizat
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Lennart Bangens, Goteborg, Sweden C
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Track 1: Accounting, Finance, and I
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Research Findings Challenges in the
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Abstract Land Based Sources of Poll
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Abstract On the Mitigation of Rever
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⎧κ ( ω) − ( 1− p) β ( ω)
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Assessment of pollutants in nigeria
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Figure 1: Lagos off shore survey po
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Academic Pry School 3 3 0 Backgroun
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Table: Model Fitness Regression Sta
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Track 8: Gender and Economic Develo
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Empirical results Challenges in the
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Abstract Gender, poverty and sustai
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Figure 1.1: Spread of directorships
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Theoretical Framework Challenges in
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Single 18.1 Masters and above 35.3
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Source: Field survey, 2010 Table 3:
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Track 9: Global Studies and Politic
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Conceptual Definitions Challenges i
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Conclusions and Implications Challe
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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district hospitals: Evidence from N
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Defining the Organisational Culture
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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7. I see globalization as providing
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Research Methods approach Challenge
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Convenient location of banks Challe
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Figure 1.Framework for Bank selecti
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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References: Challenges in the Era o
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Figure 5: Causal loop diagram inclu
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The study seeks to: • examine typ
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Figure 2: Customer Perception of MT
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Factor Item Loading Imaginative 0.4
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Figure 1: Components of Data Analys
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Abstract Marketing Nigerian medicin
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References Challenges in the Era of
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Abstract Customer satisfaction with
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Methodology Challenges in the Era o
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Discussion Challenges in the Era of
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Postgraduate 19 Internet experience
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Average daily Internet hours z P-va
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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GOVERNMENT MoFED SECTORS Structure
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Results Challenges in the Era of Gl
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Figure1.1Inflation and Indexation R
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Football Spectatorship Challenges i
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