Challenges in the Era of Globalization - iaabd

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Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference © 2011 IAABD Nigerian Foreign Service: Challenges of Diplomatic Machinery Eleonu, Charles Chidi rev.charleseleonu@yahoo.com School of Humanities/Social Science, College of Arts and Science, Port Harcourt. Nigeria Abstract Nigeria plays key diplomatic roles in Africa and World affairs attributable to her population and abundant natural resources. Presently, the Nigerian Foreign Service faces fierce challenges which hinder effective diplomatic service delivery. The challenges of political leadership, corruption, funding and budget of MFA and NIIA, federal character principle, training and capacity building among others affect the nation’s diplomatic service. The proportion of the national budget allocated to the Foreign Service has been negligible. The inadequate funding of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs carrys unpleasant implications. Nigerian government through the diplomatic machinery should restore Nigeria’s integrity in World politics and also provide the enabling domestic environment and get Nigeria better integrated into the globalizing process. Introduction It is important to eliminate the challenges which hinder effective diplomatic service delivery in Nigeria. Foreign Service officers engage in menial jobs abroad and locally recruited staffs abroad are owed salaries. The assessed dues of Nigeria are not regularly paid to various International organizations she belongs to. Foreign affairs have become specialized and require trained minds and skills. The Nigerian diplomatic machinery therefore should help to rebuild the battered Nigeria’s profile and dignity of Nigerians. Nigerian foreign relations have been influenced by perceived national interest. This is to say that Nigerian relations with other actors in the international system, as well as its strategy in defence and security, have been affected by the country’s national interest. Olajide and Aluko (1981), Olusanya and Akindele (1986), and Aforka Nweke (1986) give a fairly adequate guideline of Nigeria’s national interest. Aluko lists self-preservation of the country; the defence of the country’s independence, the economic and well-being of the people as what constitute Nigerian national interest. In addition to these are defence, preservation and promotion of the ways of life of Nigerians, especially their democratic values; enhancement of the standing in the comity of nations, especially in Africa; and in promotion of world peace (Aluko, 1981:265). For Olusanya and Akindele, Nigeria’s national interest are: the defence of the nation’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, the raising of human dignity of black men and women all over the world, the creation of the relevant political and economic conditions in Africa and the rest of the world, the promotion and improvement of the economic well-being of the Nigerian citizens and the promotion of world peace and justice (1986:2). Other factors which have shaped the pattern of Nigeria’s foreign policy formulation and implementation as the determinants of the country’s foreign policy are: the historical factor and the nature of the evolution of the Nigerian state, the political structure of the country, social and cultural considerations, level of economic development, demographic factor, geographical location and the strength of the military. Nigerian foreign relations at the time of independence in October 1, 1960 were conducted by Aihaji Tafawa Balewa. During his regime, Nigerian government granted 40,000 Pounds sterling to assist Britain in building her diplomatic mission in Lagos, where as the Soviet Union was prevented from obtaining a flat for its embassy in Lagos. Literature from the communist world was banned and scholarship awards from Eastern Europe were refused. 336
Conceptual Definitions Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by Emmanuel Obuah Foreign Service According to the Encarta English Dictionary (2009) Foreign Service refers to the diplomatic or consular staff of a country. Michalak (2009) explains that the Foreign Service is responsible for gathering information conducive to the formulation of foreign policy, for implementing foreign policy abroad, and for safeguarding national citizens and their personnel and commercial interests in other lands. Foreign Service maintains embassies, missions, consulates all over the world. In Nigeria the Foreign Service is the segment of the federal ministry of foreign affairs. The Foreign Service combines diplomatic personnel primarily concerned with governmental relations or consular personnel concerned with individual and commercial matters. Diplomatic Machinery The diplomatic machinery is the institutions that carry out the diplomatic service of nations. The conduct of relations with other countries as stated by Michalak (2009) has three requirements such as, establishment of an institution in the home country to formulate policy and instruct personnel sent, establishment of an institution abroad from which contacts are made in the foreign country and the personnel to make the system work. The Nigerian Diplomatic Machinery includes the Ministry of Foreign Affairs MFA, Foreign Missions, Foreign Service, and the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs NIIA. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) In Nigeria the government ministry that handles foreign relations matters is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is charged with primary responsibility of formulating, articulating and conduct of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy. The charter commits the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to utilize its unique character and leverage to articulate and promote within the global, sub-regional and domestic milieu, values which promote Nigeria’s security, stability and prosperity. In particular, it enunciates the centrality of effective Service Delivery in the attainment of Foreign policy goals and objectives in a global milieu in which globalization presents nations with challenges hitherto unimagined. The head of the Ministry is politically appointed by the nation’s President. From 1960 to 1961, Sir Abubàkar Tafawa Balewa, Nigerian Prime Minister was also in charge of Foreign Affairs. From 1961 to 1965 he handed over to Jaja Nwachukwu. The minister is a cabinet member who helps to form the foreign policy of the state. He was responsible for many diplomatic duties like hosting foreign world leaders and going on state visits to other countries. From a small group in the first Prime Minister’s office in 1957, the Nigerian diplomatic service grew into an organization with a staff of over 4000 and 92 overseas embassies by 1981, reduced to 86 by the Buhari administration. Ministry of Foreign Affairs has remained probably the biggest single bureaucracy. Foreign Missions Foreign mission refers to the embassy abroad (Encarta 2009). In Nigeria, the head is an Ambassador assisted by a career diplomat. A mission is organized into functional sections that deal with respective areas as political affairs, consular and commercial affairs including attaches. Missions are largely staffed by Foreign Service Officers from Nigeria but citizens of the host country may be hired as translators or for no sensitive jobs. Diplomatic missions negotiate issues of great political significance, meet with foreign students, issue visas, and perform consular operations concerned with the economic and commercial relations between nations. Consular work involves the issue of birth, death and marriage certificates to citizens residing or traveling in the foreign country. Consular officers regulate shipping and commodities exported to their home nations. 337
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Table of Contents Challenges in the
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Local Steering Committee Jacob Musi
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Abstract Challenges in the Era of G
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Abstract Determinants of Bank Lendi
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Empirical Results Challenges in the
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Table 3 Determinants of Competitive
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Abstract: Study on Africa Governmen
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Abstract Challenges of Oil Revenue
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Conclusion Challenges in the Era of
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37. Provision of sound education fo
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Abstract The Changing Requirements
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The Model, Data and Variable Defini
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Conclusions and Implications Challe
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Abstract Exploring Organisational R
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Defining the Organisational Culture
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Table 1: A Summary of Operating Ban
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Discussion and Conclusion Challenge
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Abstract What does Globalization me
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Statement of the Problem Challenges
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Banks in Ghana Challenges in the Er
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References: Challenges in the Era o
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The study seeks to: • examine typ
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Relationship Commitment Total 1264.
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Conclusion Dissatisfied 6 3.4 3.6 7
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Football Spectatorship Challenges i
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