Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
82. Ans. (b) Physostigmine (Ref: KDT 6/e p113, 114)
Being tertiary amine, physostigmine can reverse CNS manifestations of belladona (source of atropine) poisoning. It is
therefore, preferred as an antidote for this type of poisoning.
83. Ans. (d) Hyperthermia (Ref: KDT 6/e p113)
Atropa belladona contains anticholinergic principles like atropine and hyoscine. Atropine is contra-indicated in children due
to the risk of hyperthermia.
84. Ans. (c) Reversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors (Ref: KDT 6/e p109)
85. Ans. (a) Hypertension (Ref: KDT 6/e p112, 113)
86. Ans. (a) Eye (Ref: KDT 6/e p111)
87. Ans. (b) Tropicamide (Ref: Katzung 11/e p124)
Atropine is longest acting (5-6 days) whereas tropicamide is the shortest acting (15-60 min) mydriatic.
88. Ans. (c) Muscarinic receptor inhibition (Ref: KDT 6/e p111)
• Oxybutynin is a synthetic anticholinergic agent.
89. Ans. (a) Increase bowel sound (Ref: KDT 6/e p107)
• Atropine is an anticholinergic drug. It decreases bowel sounds.
90. Ans. (c) Excessive salivation (Ref: KDT 6/e p113)
Atropine is an anticholinergic drug. Its toxicity causes:
Autonomic Nervous System
• Dry mouth (and not excessive salivation)
• Hot skin
• Dilated pupil and photophobia
• Excitement
• Flushing of skin
• Hypotension → cardiovascular collapse
• Convulsions and coma
91. Ans. (a) Hyoscine (Ref: KDT 6/e p113)
Hyoscine is used for the prophylaxisof motion sickness whereas other drugs listed in the question are used for the treatment
of vomiting.
92. Ans. (d) Increased bowel sounds (Ref: KDT 6/e p107)
Atropine is an anticholinergic drug. It will decrease GI motility. Atropine flushing is seen in overdose, the exact mechanism
of which is not known.
93. Ans. (a) Mydriasis is required without cycloplegia (Ref: KDT 6/e p127)
94. Ans. (d) Physostigmine (Ref: KDT 6/e p104)
95. Ans. (d) Tropicamide (Ref: KDT 6/e p111)
96. Ans. (d) Pirenzepine (Ref: KDT 6/e p111)
97. Ans. (d) Amphetamine (Ref: KDT 6/e p126)
98. Ans. (d) Phenylepherine (Ref: KDT 6/e p130)
99. Ans. (b) Inhibition of sweating (Ref: KDT 6/e p108)
100. Ans. (a) Muscarinic (Ref: KDT 6/e p111)
101. Ans. (d) Noradrenaline (Ref: KDT 7/e p130)
• Dobutamine is selective beta 1 agonist, fenoldopam is selective D1 agonist whereas phenylephrine acts only on
alpha1. NA can act on alpha1, alpha2 and beta1 receptors
102. Ans. (c) Obstructive sleep apnea (Ref: www.fda.gov; KDT 6/e p470-471)
• Modafinil is a sympathomimetic drug and is alpha and beta agonist in brain. The drug also acts upon several other
receptors. It has brain activating properties and is the drug of choice for narcolepsy.
• Modafinil can also be used for sleep disorders in shift workers.
• Recently, FDA has approved modafinil as an adjunctive treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Remember, continous
positive airway pressure (cPAP) is the treatment of choice for this disorder. Modafinil is approved only as adjunctive
treatment.
100
https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/