Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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Review of Pharmacology Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drugs 20. Ans. (d) Vincristine (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 21. Ans. (a) Alkylating agent (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 22. Ans. (c) Cardiotoxicity (Ref: KDT 7/e p867) 23. Ans. (a) Antimetabolite (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 24. Ans. (a) Bleomycin (Ref: KDT 7/e p868) 25. Ans. (a) Imatinib (Ref: KDT 7/e p869) 26. Ans. (d) Cladribine (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 27. Ans. (a) Alkylating agent (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 28. Ans. (a) 5-FU (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 29. Ans. (d) Busulfan (Ref: KDT 7/e p86) 30. Ans. (a) Inhibiting angiogenesis (Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p1741) 31. Ans. (d) Cisplatin (Ref: CMDT 2014/ p736) 32. Ans. (c) Mitotane (Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12/e p1719) 33. Ans. (d) Cisplatin (Ref: KDT 7/e p861) 34. Ans. (b) Bleomycin (Ref: KDT 7/e p868) 35. Ans. (d) Lungs (Ref: KDT 7/e p868) 36. Ans. (b) Folinic acid (Ref: KDT 7/e p863) 37. Ans. (a) Vincristine (Ref: KDT 7/e p865) 38. Ans. (a) CHOP (Ref: KDT 7/e p875) 39. Ans. (a) Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vincristine, Dacarbazine (Ref: KDT 7/e p875) 40. Ans. (c) Methotrexate (Ref: KDT 7/e p862) 41. Ans. (b) Methotrexate (Ref: KDT 7/e p858) 42. Ans. (a) Tamoxifen (Ref: KDT 7/e p872) 43. Ans. (a) Cyclophosphamide (Ref: KDT 7/e p860) 44. Ans. (c) Cisplatin (Ref: KDT 7/e p861) 45. Ans. (a) Aminoglutethimide (Ref: CMDT 2014 p1581) 672 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
CHAPTER 16 Immunomodulators IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS 1. Glucocorticoids These are most commonly used immunosuppressant drugs and act by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, bradykinin and PAF. • These drugs also diminish chemotactic activity of neutrophils and monocytes. • Glucocorticoids cause sequestration of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue resulting in lymphopenia. • By inhibiting IL-1 production, these drugs cause a decrease in IL-2 and IFN γ production. • Continuous administration of glucocorticoids can increase the catabolism of IgG. These are used as first line immunosuppressive drugs for solid organ as well as hematological stem cell transplant recipients. These are also used for the treatment of graft rejection and graft versus host disease (GVHD), treatment of ITP, rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma. 2. Calcineurin inhibitors Calcineurin is required for the activation of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) which in turn increases the transcription of IL-2 by activated T cells. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK 506) inhibits the activation of NFAT by binding to immunophilins (cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin and tacrolimus binds to FKBP). Net result of administration of cyclosporine and tacrolimus is inhibition of gene transcription of IL-2. These are used as immunosuppressive agents for organ transplantation, GVHD and some autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. • Cyclosporine can cause nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hirsutism, gum hyperplasia and neurotoxicity (tremor, headache, motor disturbance and seizures). • Incidence of hyperglycemia and neurotoxicity are more with tacrolimus than cyclosporine. Whereas hirsutism, gum hyperplasia, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia are not caused by tacrolimus. Hirsutism, gum hyperplasia, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia are adverse effects of cyclosporine which are not caused by tacrolimus. Note: • Tacrolimus is more potent than cyclosporine. • Tacrolimus is a macrolide antibiotic. • Nephrotoxicity is the major indication for cessation or modification of cyclosporine therapy. Hypertension occurs in 50% of renal transplant and almost all cardiac transplant recepients. • Sirolimus aggaravates cyclosporine induced renal dysfunction whereas cyclosporine increases sirolimus induced hyperlipidemia and myelosuppression. 3. Proliferation Signal Inhibitors IL-2 stimulates immune system by activation of several T cells via activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Sirolimus (rapamycin) binds to mTOR and inhibits the action of IL-2 without affecting its transcription. It is used as immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation and GVHD. It is also incorporated in cardiac stents to decrease the chances of reocclusion. Its major adverse effect is thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow suppression and hyperlipidemia. Sirolimus per se is not nephrotoxic. Lymphocele is increased in a dose dependent fashion by sirolimus. Everolimus is a new drug in this category having Tacrolimus is a macrolide antibiotic. https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
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Review of Pharmacology Ninth Editio
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Dedicated to My parents, wife Prave
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Preface to the Ninth Edition We wan
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Acknowledgments When emotions are p
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References • Harrison’s Princip
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Contents 1. History of Pharmacology
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CHAPTER 1 History of pharmacology S
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CHAPTER 2 General Pharmacology Phar
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General Pharmacology Note: It is si
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General Pharmacology Drug metaboliz
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General Pharmacology Order of kinet
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General Pharmacology Therapeutic Dr
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General Pharmacology Fig. 2.4: G-pr
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General Pharmacology sigmoid shaped
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General Pharmacology Phase 1: Here,
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General Pharmacology 5. Essential m
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General Pharmacology (b) Bioavailab
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General Pharmacology (c) Are highly
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General Pharmacology (c) Strong aci
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General Pharmacology (a) 50 mg/hour
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General Pharmacology 140. Phamacoge
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General Pharmacology (c) Piroxicam
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206. Which of the following drugs s
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General Pharmacology 29. In which t
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General Pharmacology Explanations 1
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General Pharmacology • Other fact
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General Pharmacology -- Suppose, 10
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General Pharmacology 77. Ans. (a) W
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= 40 L × 4 mg/L = 160 mg Clearance
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General Pharmacology 126. Ans. (c)
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General Pharmacology 154. Ans. (d)
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General Pharmacology Intolerance is
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General Pharmacology 6. Ans. (b) b
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CHAPTER 3 Autonomic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System Functions
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Autonomic Nervous System • Carbac
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Autonomic Nervous System used for g
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Autonomic Nervous System -- Central
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Autonomic Nervous System • Theref
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Autonomic Nervous System • Eye: S
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Autonomic Nervous System • Dopami
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Autonomic Nervous System • Phenox
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Autonomic Nervous System Lipid Inso
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Autonomic Nervous System Drug of Ch
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Multiple Choice Questions Autonomic
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Organo
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(c) Physostigmime (d) Hyoscine hydr
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Tropic
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132. A drug that blocks the uptake
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165. Clonidine is used for: (Kolkat
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as an effective substitute which do
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Autonomic Nervous System 13. Which
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Increa
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Autonomic Nervous System 9. Ans. (a
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Autonomic Nervous System 39. Ans. (
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Autonomic Nervous System - Temazepa
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Autonomic Nervous System 103. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System have no ef
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Autonomic Nervous System 23. Ans. (
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CHAPTER 4 Autacoids These are the s
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Autacoids All second generation ant
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Autacoids v v v v v Calcium channel
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Autacoids nary bypass. It can also
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Autacoids to presence of sulfur con
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Autacoids Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheu
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Autacoids It is a monoclonal antibo
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Autacoids Drug of choice Condition
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15. Anti-vertigo drug which modulat
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49. Sumatriptan is: (DPG 1999, TN 2
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81. All of the following effects ar
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114. Which prostaglandin helps in c
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Autacoids 148. Which of the followi
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Autacoids 30. A 15 year old boy was
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Autacoids 16. Ans. (b) Dangerous ve
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Autacoids 56. Ans. (c) Cyclooxygena
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Autacoids 85. Ans. (b) Aspirin supp
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Autacoids 125. Ans. (b) Indomethaci
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Autacoids 13. Ans. (a) Naproxen (Re
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CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System CON
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Cardiovascular System In atrial fib
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System should be use
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Cardiovascular System tive α 1 blo
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Cardiovascular System nifedipine an
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System ANGINA PECTOR
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Cardiovascular System BETA BLOCKERS
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Cardiovascular System The action po
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Cardiovascular System depolarized c
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Cardiovascular System • Digoxin i
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Cardiovascular System Contd... •
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Cardiovascular System DRUG OF CHOIC
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15. Digoxin toxicity is aggravated
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(c) Treat digoxin toxicity (d) Rapi
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(c) Decreases sodium and increases
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Cardiovascular System 113. All of t
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146. Which of the following drugs i
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Cardiovascular System 180. Characte
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213. In a patient with hypertriglyc
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247. ACE inhibitors cause: (PGI Dec
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Cardiovascular System 16. Dialysis
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Cardiovascular System 53. Which of
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• Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP
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Cardiovascular System 43. Ans. (d)
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Cardiovascular System 81. Ans. (a)
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Cardiovascular System -- Hypertensi
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Cardiovascular System Cyanide has v
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Cardiovascular System 13. Ans (b) P
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CHAPTER 6 Kidney Diuretics Diuretic
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Kidney Uses Main use of loop diuret
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Kidney • Amiloride is more potent
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Kidney Amiloride It is the agent of
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Kidney Multiple Choice Questions di
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30. Which of the following statemen
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66. Advantage of desmopressin over
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Kidney Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Hyp
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16. Ans. (b) Bumetanide (Ref: KDT 6
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Kidney 55. Ans (d) V 4 : Central Ne
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CHAPTER 7 Endocrinology Hormones ar
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Endocrinology Prolactin It causes g
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Endocrinology • In the liver and
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Endocrinology I 131 can be used for
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Endocrinology Drug interactions •
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Endocrinology Lactic acidosis (more
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Endocrinology 3. amylin analogs Pra
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Endocrinology Important Points Maxi
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Endocrinology • Steroids with sel
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Endocrinology • Vitamin D 2 is er
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Endocrinology Denosumab Osteoclasts
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Endocrinology • SERMs are targete
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Endocrinology Contd... • Uliprist
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Endocrinology only pills. Chances o
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Endocrinology Pharmacokinetics Test
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Endocrinology Ergot Derivatives Erg
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Endocrinology Contd... • Hyperpro
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completion of therapy, the patient
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(c) Glucose (d) Starch 47. True abo
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(c) Na + exit/K + entry (d) K + ent
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Endocrinology 113. Which of the fol
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147. Bisphosphonates act by: (AI 20
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180. Women receiving estrogen thera
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(c) Clomiphene (d) Mifepristone (RU
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246. Mechanism of Calcitriol is: (R
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Endocrinology 32. Drug used to cont
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(b) Glimepiride (c) Repaglinide (d)
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Endocrinology Explanations 1. Ans.
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Endocrinology 24. Ans. (c) Propylth
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Endocrinology • When this drug is
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Endocrinology Hypoglycemia is cause
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Endocrinology Drugs causing Addison
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Endocrinology Raloxifene is a selec
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Endocrinology • Enzyme inducers l
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Endocrinology 197. Ans. (b) Blocks
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Endocrinology A spider angioma (als
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Endocrinology 4. Ans (c) Glaucoma (
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Endocrinology 70. Ans. (c) Mifepris
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NOTES _____________________________
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CHAPTER 8 Central Nervous System Se
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Central Nervous System It is admini
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Central Nervous System • Abnormal
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Central Nervous System useful in AD
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Central Nervous System Wilson’s D
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Central Nervous System Important Dr
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Central Nervous System • Lamotrig
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Central Nervous System play a role
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Central Nervous System According to
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Central Nervous System bulimia, pre
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Central Nervous System Anti Manic D
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Central Nervous System dependence,
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Central Nervous System increase hea
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Central Nervous System Actions •
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Central Nervous System Contd... •
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(c) Alkalization of the urine will
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Central Nervous System (c) Ketamine
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79. Drug of choice for myoclonic ep
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(c) Phenytoin (d) Valproic acid 112
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146. Which of the following antipsy
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(c) Regular measurements of blood c
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210. A patient Rajnish having depre
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242. Drug useful in malignant hyper
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279. Preferred drug for alcohol wit
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314. Morphine can administered by a
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(c) Analgesia (d) Mydriasis 348. Di
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17. Antiparkinson drug known to cau
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53. Which drug is the most useful i
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Central Nervous System 15. Ans. (c)
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Central Nervous System 39. Ans. (b)
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67. Ans. (a) Phenytoin (Ref: Katzun
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97. Ans. (a) Hepatitis (Ref: KDT 6/
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Central Nervous System 145. Ans (c)
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Central Nervous System 159. Ans. (d
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Central Nervous System 187. Ans. (b
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Central Nervous System 212. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 258. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 303. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 326. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 60. Ans. (a)
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CHAPTER 9 Anaesthesia Local Anaesth
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Anaesthesia trigeminal nerve, cervi
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Anaesthesia Centrally Acting Muscle
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Anaesthesia • These drugs release
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic MAC (% atm)
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Anaesthesia Methemoglobinemia and l
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Anaesthesia Chloroform • It is a
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Anaesthesia Contd... • It does no
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic agents of c
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Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questio
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33. Post dural (Spinal) puncture he
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(b) Dantrolene (c) Succinylcholine
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103. Which of the following drugs a
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Anaesthesia 138. Thiopental sodium
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Anaesthesia Explanations 1. Ans (c)
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Anaesthesia 20. Ans. (d) Seizures a
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Anaesthesia 49. Ans. (b) Meprobamat
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Anaesthesia • The patient underwe
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Anaesthesia 91. Ans. (b) Sevofluran
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Anaesthesia • In pheochromocytoma
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CHAPTER 10 Hematology HAEMATINICS T
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Hematology • Deficiency of folic
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Hematology • Main drugs acting as
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Hematology 1. Oral Anticoagulants
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Hematology • Bioavailability of u
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Hematology • Rodenticides contain
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Hematology Condition • Anemia Dru
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(c) Erythropoietin (d) Filgrastim (
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Hematology 46. Tirofiban is a: (RJ
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80. The anticoagulant of choice in
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6. Mechanism of action of clopidogr
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Hematology Explanations 1. Ans. (c)
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Hematology 17. Ans. (d) Oprelvekin
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Hematology 51. Ans. (a) Dabigatran:
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Hematology 71. Ans. (c) Warfarin (R
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Hematology 106. Ans. (c) Streptokin
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CHAPTER 11 Respiratory System Cough
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Respiratory System fast acting also
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Respiratory System LT receptor anta
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Respiratory System Condition • Br
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17. The most prominent and dose rel
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Respiratory System 52. In theophyll
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Respiratory System Explanations 1.
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Respiratory System • Inhalational
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CHAPTER 12 Gastrointestinal Tract P
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Gastrointestinal Tract Contd... --
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Gastrointestinal Tract Anti Emetic
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Gastrointestinal Tract Domperidone
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Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Rehydra
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Gastrointestinal Tract Condition
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(c) Misoprostol (d) Omeprazole 15.
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49. The most effective antiemetic f
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Gastrointestinal Tract recent Quest
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Gastrointestinal Tract Explanations
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Gastrointestinal Tract 30. Ans. (b)
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Gastrointestinal Tract 1. EarlyPhas
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Gastrointestinal Tract 17. Ans. (c)
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CHAPTER 13 Chemotherapy A: General
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Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
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contd... Drugs Binds to Mechanism o
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Contd... Chemotherapy A: General Co
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Clinical Uses Chemotherapy A: Gener
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Important Points About Antimicrobia
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128. Ans. (b) Trovafloxacin (Goodma
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CHAPTER 14 Chemotherapy B: Antimicr
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Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for
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Clofazimine It is a dye with lepros
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Foscarnet It is not an antimetaboli
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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16. Bactericidal drugs in ATT are:
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50. Ethambutol should be used very
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120. Regarding ritonavir use in AID
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ACTs). All of the following combina
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ecent Questions asked by National B
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Explanations Chemotherapy B: Antimi
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Page 649 and 650: Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drug
Page 653 and 654: 4-5 years). Another distinguishing
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Page 663 and 664: Multiple Choice Questions Chemother
Page 665 and 666: 37. Which of the following statemen
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Page 687 and 688: Immunomodulators 9. Antibodies Poly
Page 689 and 690: Immunomodulators Examples of each t
Page 691 and 692: Immunomodulators Clinical Diagnosis
Page 693 and 694: (b) Podophylline (c) Interferon (d)
Page 695 and 696: (c) Cytarabine (d) Cycloserine 51.
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Page 703 and 704: CHAPTER 17 Other Topics and Adverse
Page 705 and 706: Other Topics and Adverse Effects Co
Page 711 and 712: 17. A 2 years old child without fev
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Page 715 and 716: Other Topics and Adverse Effects (c
Page 717 and 718: Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Page 727 and 728: CHAPTER 18 Drugs of Choice Drug of
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Page 731 and 732: Contd... VRSA LINEZOLID/STREPTOGRAM
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New Drugs 52. Canakinumab: A human
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New Drugs 100. Ecallantide: A plasm
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New Drugs 153. Laronidase: Recombin
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New Drugs 204. Peginesatide: A pept
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New Drugs been approved for the tre
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New Drugs and B lymphocytes after e
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New Drugs prevents nausea and vomit
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CHAPTER 20 Recent Topics TRICYCLIC
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Recent Topics 2. Drugs 5-HT 2 recep
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Recent Topics Arginine NOS NO + Cit
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Recent Topics Contd... Drug Tetracy
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Recent Topics -- If the patient has
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CHAPTER 21 Latest Papers AIIMS Nove
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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• Clindamycin and erythromycin ar
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Latest Papers AIIMS May 2014 1. Whi
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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13. Ans. a. Hypokalemia (Ref: Harri
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NOTES _____________________________
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Image Based Questions https://kat.c
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Image Based Questions 1. The result
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5. A new antiarrhythmic drug is fou
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10. Amarnath, a 58 year old busines
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14. A 72-year-old male, Hemraj was
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(rapid vs slow induction of anesthe
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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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