Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
• Transdermal route is associated with slower absorption of a drug because the pore size is smaller. However, first pass
metabolism is avoided because the drug directly enters the systemic circulation.
53. Ans. (c) Lower volumes of distribution (Ref: KDT 6/e p20-21)
• The clinically significant implications of plasma protein binding are:
1. Plasma protein binding causes restriction of drugs in the vascular compartment and thus lower volume of distribution.
2. Longer duration of action – as the protein-bound fraction is not available for metabolism or excretion.
3. Plasma protein bound drugs tend to have more drug interactions due to displacement of a drug with lower
affinity by a drug with higher affinity for plasma proteins.
4. Hypoalbuminemia can lead to high concentration of free drug and thus drug toxicity.
54. Ans. (a) Cimetidine (Ref: KDT 6/e p27-28)
55. Ans. (c) Levodopa (Ref: KDT 6/e p24)
56. Ans. (d) Lisinopril (Ref: KDT 6/e p485)
• Captopril and lisinopril are ACE inhibitors that are not prodrugs.
• Diazepam produce many active metabolites like oxazepam.
• Propranolol can produce 4-hydroxypropanolol which has b-antagonist activity.
• Allopurinol gives rise to oxypurinol which can inhibit xanthine oxidase.
57. Ans. (c) Insulin (Ref: KDT 6/e p28)
General Pharmacology
58. Ans. (c) Carbimazole (Ref: KDT 6/e p250)
59. Ans. (a) Insulin (Ref: KDT 6/e p28)
60. Ans. (b) Lisinopril (Ref: KDT 6/e p485)
61. Ans. (a) Sequestered in body tissues (Ref: KDT 6/e p18-19)
• Apparent volume of distribution (V d
) is more for drugs sequestered in tissues.
• Lipid insoluble drugs do not enter cells, Vd approximates ECF volume.
62. Ans. (b) Cimetidine (Ref: KDT 6/e p27)
63. Ans. (a) Phenobarbitone (Ref: KDT 6/e p27)
64. Ans. (b) Sodium bicarbonate (Ref: KDT 6/e p30)
65. Ans. (c) Propranolol (Ref: KDT 6/e p28)
66. Ans. (a) Study of absorption, distribution, binding/storage/biotransformation and excretion of the drug (Ref: Katzung
11/e p37)
67. Ans. (c) Levodopa (Ref: KDT 6/e p24)
68. Ans. (b) Enalapril (Ref: KDT 6/e p24)
69. Ans. (b) The percentage of drug that is detected in the systemic circulation after its administration (Ref: KDT 6/e p17)
Dose administrated byI.V.route
70. Ans. (a) V d = (Ref: KDT 6/e p18)
Plasma concentration
71. Ans. (c) Thiopentone (Ref: KDT 6/e p119)
72. Ans. (a) Acetylation (Ref: KDT 6/e p683)
73. Ans. (d) Blood brain barrier is deficient at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (Ref: KDT 6/e p20)
74. Ans. (d) Oxidation (Ref: KDT 6/e p24-25)
75. Ans. (b) Imipramine (Ref: KDT 6/e p24)
76. Ans. (a) To achieve Steady State concentration in short time (Ref: KDT 6/e p34)
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