Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
12. Ans. (c) Octreotide (Ref: KDT 6/e p235)
Drugs useful in acromegaly are:
• Bromocriptine and cabergoline
• Somatostatin
• Octreotide (long acting somatostatin analogue)
• Pegvisomant (growth hormone receptor antagonist)
Endocrinology
13. Ans. (b) Desmopressin (Ref: KDT 6/e p577)
• Drugs used for the treatment of central (pituitary) diabetes insipidus are:
––
Desmopressin (selective V 2
agonist)
––
Thiazides
––
Chlorpropamide
––
Carbamazepine
• Drugs used for the treatment of nephrogenic (renal) diabetes insipidus are:
––
Thiazides
––
Amiloride (for lithium induced)
• Thiazides are useful for the treatment of both central as well as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
• Desmopressin is not effective in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
14. Ans. (c) Cabergoline (Ref: KDT 6/e p236)
15. Ans. (c) Endogenous depression (Ref: KDT 6/e p236)
16. Ans. (c) Desmopressin (Ref: KDT 6/e p235, 577)
17. Ans. (a) Goserelin (Ref: KDT 6/e p239)
18. Ans. (a) GnRH (Ref: KDT 6/e p239)
19. Ans. (b) It can cause hypotension (Ref: KDT 6/e p236)
• For suppression of lactation, D 2
agonists like bromocriptine can be used. In hyperprolactinemia, these are given for
long periods.
• Metoclopramide being a D 2
antagonist will stop the action of bromocriptine.
• Adverse effects of bromocriptine include nausea, vomiting, postural hypotension, digital vasospasm and CNS effects
like hallucinations, psychosis etc.
20. Ans. (b) Osteoporosis (Ref: KDT 6/e p239)
GnRH agonists as well as antagonists can cause hot flushes, loss of libido and osteoporosis as adverse effects
21. Ans. (a) Contra-indicated in hyperthyroidism (Ref: KDT 7/e p254-255)
Iodine and iodides are useful in Graves’ disease and make the gland shrink, firm and less vascular. These can inhibit all
facets of thyroid function. Chronic iodine overdose is called iodism.
22. Ans. (d) Methimazole (Ref: KDT 6/e p250)
Methimazole inhibits only thyroid peroxidase whereas propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid peroxidase as well as 5’-deiodinase.
Later is involved in peripheral conversion of T 4
to T 3
. (Katzung 12/e p688, Goodman Gilman 12/e p1150)
23. Ans. (c) Cleft lip/palate (Ref: KDT 6/e p251; Katzung 12/e p688, Goodman Gilman 12/e p1150)
• Use of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy may result in:
––
Fetal hypothyroidism
––
Aplasia cutis
––
Scalp or patchy hair defect
––
Choanal atresia
––
Esophageal atresia
––
Tracheo-esophageal fistula
––
Minor facial anomalies
––
Hypoplastic or absent phalanges
––
Psychomotor delay
290
https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/