Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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Review of Pharmacology 48. Which of the following is not a pro-drug? (a) Levodopa (b) Enalapril (c) Dipivefrine (d) Amoxicillin 49. Which of the following is a prodrug? (a) Lisinopril (b) Enalapril (c) Chlorpromazine (d) Dopamine 50. Pharmacodynamics includes: (a) Drug elimination (b) Drug excretion (c) Drug absorption (d) Mechanism of action General Pharmacology 36 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
General Pharmacology Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Phenobarbitone (Ref: Katzung 12/e p58) Ritonavir is a powerful inhibitor of CYP3A4, thus the metabolism of substrates of this enzyme will be inhibited by ritonavir. Important substrates of CYP3A4 are: • Amiodarone • Terfenadine, Astemizole, Cisapride • Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus • Lovastatin and other statins • Calcium channel blockers • Midazolam • Protease inhibitors 2. Ans. (c) Phenobarbitone (Ref: KK Sharma 2/e p46) Phenobarbitone is a barbiturate which is a derivative of barbituric acid (weakly acidic drug) and its excretion can be enhanced by making the urine alkaline. Morphine, atropine and amphetamines are basic drugs. 3. Ans. (c) CYP2C10 (Ref: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) Clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors are metabolized mainly by CYP2C19 and by CYP3A4. Due to this reason there is potential of interaction between these two drugs but none of these enzymes were given in the options. We have no idea what the examiner want a student to learn. Whether student should know the clinically important things or they should go for the most rarest of things. Anyways, some of these drugs are also metabolized by CYP2C9. On searching a lot, we came to know that this enzyme (CYP2C9) was previously known as CYP2C10. ……… (Ref: http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CYP2C9). So the answer among the given options should be CYP2C10. But again we will suggest to remember about 2C19 which is clinically more relevant. 4. Ans. (d) Simvastatin: Glucuronide conjugation (Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12/e p159, 1976) Table 7-3 in Goodman and Gilman 12/e p159 clearly writes that CYP2D6 is involved in metabolism of beta blockers and CYP3A4 in calcium channel blockers’ metabolism. P-glycprotein polymorphism decreases AUC of digoxin. Pg 1976 of Goodman and Gilman writes that ‘ irreversible oxidative metabolites of simvastatin are produced by CYP3A enzymes.’ Another important thing that a student may get confused with is that simvastatin metabolites can be glucuronide conjugated.This is true but the drug no longer remains simvastatin. Clinical importance of this is that if another drug or substance induces UGT glucuronyl transferase, it will not affect the activity of simvastatin. On the other hand if a drug is directly conjugated with glucuronide molecules, the inducers of UGT enzyme will affect the plasma concentration of the drug. 5. Ans. (a) Enalapril (Ref: KDT 7/e p23-24) All ACE inhibitors are prodrugs except captopril and lisinopril. 6. Ans. (a) Ketoconazole (Ref: KDT 7/e p26) • Ketoconazole is a powerful microsomal enzyme inhibitor whereas rifampicin, phenobarbitone and phenytoin are enzyme inducers. 7. Ans. (c) Conjugation (Ref: KDT 7/e p22-24) Metabolic reactions may be classified into phase I (non-synthetic) and phase II (synthetic) reactions. Phase I reactions include oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization and decyclization etc. whereas phase II reactions include glucuronidation, acetylation, methylation, sulfation and glycine conjugation etc. 8. Ans. (d) Sex steroid hormones do not bind to any protein in plasma (Ref: KDT 7/e p19-20) General Pharmacology • Acidic drugs mainly bind to albumin and basic drugs to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Drugs having high PPB like sulfonamides can displace other drugs bound to same site and may result in toxicity. • Sex steroids bind to steroid hormone binding globulin as well as albumin. 37 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
Page 1 and 2: Review of Pharmacology Ninth Editio
Page 3 and 4: Dedicated to My parents, wife Prave
Page 5 and 6: Preface to the Ninth Edition We wan
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgments When emotions are p
Page 9 and 10: References • Harrison’s Princip
Page 11 and 12: Contents 1. History of Pharmacology
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1 History of pharmacology S
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 2 General Pharmacology Phar
Page 17 and 18: General Pharmacology Note: It is si
Page 19 and 20: General Pharmacology Drug metaboliz
Page 21 and 22: General Pharmacology Order of kinet
Page 23 and 24: General Pharmacology Therapeutic Dr
Page 25 and 26: General Pharmacology Fig. 2.4: G-pr
Page 27 and 28: General Pharmacology sigmoid shaped
Page 29 and 30: General Pharmacology Phase 1: Here,
Page 31 and 32: General Pharmacology 5. Essential m
Page 33 and 34: General Pharmacology (b) Bioavailab
Page 35 and 36: General Pharmacology (c) Are highly
Page 37 and 38: General Pharmacology (c) Strong aci
Page 39 and 40: General Pharmacology (a) 50 mg/hour
Page 41 and 42: General Pharmacology 140. Phamacoge
Page 43 and 44: General Pharmacology (c) Piroxicam
Page 45 and 46: 206. Which of the following drugs s
Page 47: General Pharmacology 29. In which t
Page 51 and 52: General Pharmacology • Other fact
Page 53 and 54: General Pharmacology -- Suppose, 10
Page 55 and 56: General Pharmacology 77. Ans. (a) W
Page 57 and 58: = 40 L × 4 mg/L = 160 mg Clearance
Page 59 and 60: General Pharmacology 126. Ans. (c)
Page 61 and 62: General Pharmacology 154. Ans. (d)
Page 63 and 64: General Pharmacology Intolerance is
Page 65 and 66: General Pharmacology 6. Ans. (b) b
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 3 Autonomic Nervous System
Page 69 and 70: Autonomic Nervous System Functions
Page 71 and 72: Autonomic Nervous System • Carbac
Page 73 and 74: Autonomic Nervous System used for g
Page 75 and 76: Autonomic Nervous System -- Central
Page 77 and 78: Autonomic Nervous System • Theref
Page 79 and 80: Autonomic Nervous System • Eye: S
Page 81 and 82: Autonomic Nervous System • Dopami
Page 83 and 84: Autonomic Nervous System • Phenox
Page 85 and 86: Autonomic Nervous System Lipid Inso
Page 87 and 88: Autonomic Nervous System Drug of Ch
Page 89 and 90: Multiple Choice Questions Autonomic
Page 91 and 92: Autonomic Nervous System (c) Organo
Page 93 and 94: (c) Physostigmime (d) Hyoscine hydr
Page 95 and 96: Autonomic Nervous System (c) Tropic
Page 97 and 98: 132. A drug that blocks the uptake
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165. Clonidine is used for: (Kolkat
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as an effective substitute which do
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Autonomic Nervous System 13. Which
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Increa
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Autonomic Nervous System 9. Ans. (a
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Autonomic Nervous System 39. Ans. (
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Autonomic Nervous System - Temazepa
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Autonomic Nervous System 103. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System have no ef
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Autonomic Nervous System 23. Ans. (
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CHAPTER 4 Autacoids These are the s
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Autacoids All second generation ant
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Autacoids v v v v v Calcium channel
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Autacoids nary bypass. It can also
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Autacoids to presence of sulfur con
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Autacoids Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheu
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Autacoids It is a monoclonal antibo
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Autacoids Drug of choice Condition
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15. Anti-vertigo drug which modulat
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49. Sumatriptan is: (DPG 1999, TN 2
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81. All of the following effects ar
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114. Which prostaglandin helps in c
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Autacoids 148. Which of the followi
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Autacoids 30. A 15 year old boy was
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Autacoids 16. Ans. (b) Dangerous ve
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Autacoids 56. Ans. (c) Cyclooxygena
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Autacoids 85. Ans. (b) Aspirin supp
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Autacoids 125. Ans. (b) Indomethaci
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Autacoids 13. Ans. (a) Naproxen (Re
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CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System CON
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Cardiovascular System In atrial fib
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System should be use
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Cardiovascular System tive α 1 blo
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Cardiovascular System nifedipine an
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System ANGINA PECTOR
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Cardiovascular System BETA BLOCKERS
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Cardiovascular System The action po
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Cardiovascular System depolarized c
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Cardiovascular System • Digoxin i
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Cardiovascular System Contd... •
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Cardiovascular System DRUG OF CHOIC
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15. Digoxin toxicity is aggravated
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(c) Treat digoxin toxicity (d) Rapi
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(c) Decreases sodium and increases
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Cardiovascular System 113. All of t
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146. Which of the following drugs i
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Cardiovascular System 180. Characte
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213. In a patient with hypertriglyc
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247. ACE inhibitors cause: (PGI Dec
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Cardiovascular System 16. Dialysis
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Cardiovascular System 53. Which of
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• Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP
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Cardiovascular System 43. Ans. (d)
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Cardiovascular System 81. Ans. (a)
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Cardiovascular System -- Hypertensi
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Cardiovascular System Cyanide has v
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Cardiovascular System 13. Ans (b) P
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CHAPTER 6 Kidney Diuretics Diuretic
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Kidney Uses Main use of loop diuret
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Kidney • Amiloride is more potent
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Kidney Amiloride It is the agent of
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Kidney Multiple Choice Questions di
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30. Which of the following statemen
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66. Advantage of desmopressin over
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Kidney Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Hyp
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16. Ans. (b) Bumetanide (Ref: KDT 6
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Kidney 55. Ans (d) V 4 : Central Ne
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CHAPTER 7 Endocrinology Hormones ar
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Endocrinology Prolactin It causes g
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Endocrinology • In the liver and
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Endocrinology I 131 can be used for
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Endocrinology Drug interactions •
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Endocrinology Lactic acidosis (more
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Endocrinology 3. amylin analogs Pra
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Endocrinology Important Points Maxi
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Endocrinology • Steroids with sel
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Endocrinology • Vitamin D 2 is er
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Endocrinology Denosumab Osteoclasts
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Endocrinology • SERMs are targete
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Endocrinology Contd... • Uliprist
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Endocrinology only pills. Chances o
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Endocrinology Pharmacokinetics Test
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Endocrinology Ergot Derivatives Erg
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Endocrinology Contd... • Hyperpro
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completion of therapy, the patient
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(c) Glucose (d) Starch 47. True abo
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(c) Na + exit/K + entry (d) K + ent
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Endocrinology 113. Which of the fol
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147. Bisphosphonates act by: (AI 20
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180. Women receiving estrogen thera
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(c) Clomiphene (d) Mifepristone (RU
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246. Mechanism of Calcitriol is: (R
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Endocrinology 32. Drug used to cont
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(b) Glimepiride (c) Repaglinide (d)
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Endocrinology Explanations 1. Ans.
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Endocrinology 24. Ans. (c) Propylth
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Endocrinology • When this drug is
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Endocrinology Hypoglycemia is cause
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Endocrinology Drugs causing Addison
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Endocrinology Raloxifene is a selec
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Endocrinology • Enzyme inducers l
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Endocrinology 197. Ans. (b) Blocks
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Endocrinology A spider angioma (als
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Endocrinology 4. Ans (c) Glaucoma (
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Endocrinology 70. Ans. (c) Mifepris
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NOTES _____________________________
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CHAPTER 8 Central Nervous System Se
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Central Nervous System It is admini
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Central Nervous System • Abnormal
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Central Nervous System useful in AD
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Central Nervous System Wilson’s D
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Central Nervous System Important Dr
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Central Nervous System • Lamotrig
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Central Nervous System play a role
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Central Nervous System According to
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Central Nervous System bulimia, pre
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Central Nervous System Anti Manic D
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Central Nervous System dependence,
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Central Nervous System increase hea
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Central Nervous System Actions •
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Central Nervous System Contd... •
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(c) Alkalization of the urine will
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Central Nervous System (c) Ketamine
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79. Drug of choice for myoclonic ep
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(c) Phenytoin (d) Valproic acid 112
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146. Which of the following antipsy
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(c) Regular measurements of blood c
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210. A patient Rajnish having depre
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242. Drug useful in malignant hyper
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279. Preferred drug for alcohol wit
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314. Morphine can administered by a
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(c) Analgesia (d) Mydriasis 348. Di
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17. Antiparkinson drug known to cau
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53. Which drug is the most useful i
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Central Nervous System 15. Ans. (c)
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Central Nervous System 39. Ans. (b)
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67. Ans. (a) Phenytoin (Ref: Katzun
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97. Ans. (a) Hepatitis (Ref: KDT 6/
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Central Nervous System 145. Ans (c)
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Central Nervous System 159. Ans. (d
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Central Nervous System 187. Ans. (b
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Central Nervous System 212. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 258. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 303. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 326. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 60. Ans. (a)
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CHAPTER 9 Anaesthesia Local Anaesth
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Anaesthesia trigeminal nerve, cervi
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Anaesthesia Centrally Acting Muscle
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Anaesthesia • These drugs release
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic MAC (% atm)
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Anaesthesia Methemoglobinemia and l
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Anaesthesia Chloroform • It is a
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Anaesthesia Contd... • It does no
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic agents of c
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Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questio
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33. Post dural (Spinal) puncture he
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(b) Dantrolene (c) Succinylcholine
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103. Which of the following drugs a
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Anaesthesia 138. Thiopental sodium
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Anaesthesia Explanations 1. Ans (c)
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Anaesthesia 20. Ans. (d) Seizures a
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Anaesthesia 49. Ans. (b) Meprobamat
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Anaesthesia • The patient underwe
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Anaesthesia 91. Ans. (b) Sevofluran
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Anaesthesia • In pheochromocytoma
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CHAPTER 10 Hematology HAEMATINICS T
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Hematology • Deficiency of folic
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Hematology • Main drugs acting as
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Hematology 1. Oral Anticoagulants
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Hematology • Bioavailability of u
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Hematology • Rodenticides contain
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Hematology Condition • Anemia Dru
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(c) Erythropoietin (d) Filgrastim (
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Hematology 46. Tirofiban is a: (RJ
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80. The anticoagulant of choice in
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6. Mechanism of action of clopidogr
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Hematology Explanations 1. Ans. (c)
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Hematology 17. Ans. (d) Oprelvekin
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Hematology 51. Ans. (a) Dabigatran:
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Hematology 71. Ans. (c) Warfarin (R
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Hematology 106. Ans. (c) Streptokin
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CHAPTER 11 Respiratory System Cough
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Respiratory System fast acting also
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Respiratory System LT receptor anta
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Respiratory System Condition • Br
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17. The most prominent and dose rel
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Respiratory System 52. In theophyll
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Respiratory System Explanations 1.
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Respiratory System • Inhalational
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CHAPTER 12 Gastrointestinal Tract P
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Gastrointestinal Tract Contd... --
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Gastrointestinal Tract Anti Emetic
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Gastrointestinal Tract Domperidone
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Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Rehydra
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Gastrointestinal Tract Condition
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(c) Misoprostol (d) Omeprazole 15.
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49. The most effective antiemetic f
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Gastrointestinal Tract recent Quest
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Gastrointestinal Tract Explanations
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Gastrointestinal Tract 30. Ans. (b)
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Gastrointestinal Tract 1. EarlyPhas
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Gastrointestinal Tract 17. Ans. (c)
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CHAPTER 13 Chemotherapy A: General
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Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
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contd... Drugs Binds to Mechanism o
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Contd... Chemotherapy A: General Co
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Clinical Uses Chemotherapy A: Gener
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Important Points About Antimicrobia
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128. Ans. (b) Trovafloxacin (Goodma
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CHAPTER 14 Chemotherapy B: Antimicr
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Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for
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Clofazimine It is a dye with lepros
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Foscarnet It is not an antimetaboli
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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16. Bactericidal drugs in ATT are:
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50. Ethambutol should be used very
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120. Regarding ritonavir use in AID
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ACTs). All of the following combina
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ecent Questions asked by National B
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Explanations Chemotherapy B: Antimi
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25. Ans. (b) Ethionamide (Ref: KDT
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CHAPTER 15 Chemotherapy C: Antineop
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Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drug
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4-5 years). Another distinguishing
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GnRH Antagonists Cetrorelix, ganire
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This drug was used in 1960s as a se
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Multiple Choice Questions Chemother
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37. Which of the following statemen
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CHAPTER 16 Immunomodulators IMMUNOS
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Immunomodulators 9. Antibodies Poly
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Immunomodulators Examples of each t
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Immunomodulators Clinical Diagnosis
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(b) Podophylline (c) Interferon (d)
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(c) Cytarabine (d) Cycloserine 51.
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Immunomodulators Explanations 1. An
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Immunomodulators 14. Ans. (a) Syste
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Immunomodulators 33. Ans. (a) Gluco
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CHAPTER 17 Other Topics and Adverse
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects Co
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17. A 2 years old child without fev
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54. Isotretinoin is: (PGI June, 200
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects (c
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects 39
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects 55
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects Dr
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CHAPTER 18 Drugs of Choice Drug of
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Drugs of Choice Contd... Hypertensi
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Contd... VRSA LINEZOLID/STREPTOGRAM
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CHAPTER 19 New Drugs 1. Abatacept:
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New Drugs 52. Canakinumab: A human
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New Drugs 100. Ecallantide: A plasm
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New Drugs 153. Laronidase: Recombin
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New Drugs 204. Peginesatide: A pept
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New Drugs been approved for the tre
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New Drugs and B lymphocytes after e
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New Drugs prevents nausea and vomit
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CHAPTER 20 Recent Topics TRICYCLIC
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Recent Topics 2. Drugs 5-HT 2 recep
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Recent Topics Arginine NOS NO + Cit
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Recent Topics Contd... Drug Tetracy
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Recent Topics -- If the patient has
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CHAPTER 21 Latest Papers AIIMS Nove
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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• Clindamycin and erythromycin ar
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Latest Papers AIIMS May 2014 1. Whi
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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13. Ans. a. Hypokalemia (Ref: Harri
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NOTES _____________________________
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Image Based Questions https://kat.c
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Image Based Questions 1. The result
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5. A new antiarrhythmic drug is fou
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10. Amarnath, a 58 year old busines
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14. A 72-year-old male, Hemraj was
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(rapid vs slow induction of anesthe
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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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