Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
122. Ans. (c) Effective in acute asthma (Ref: Katzung 11/e p348)
• Beclomethasone is an inhalational steroid useful in prophylaxis of asthma. Like other inhalational steroids, it
can also cause oropharyngeal candidiasis.
• For acute attack of asthma, bronchodilators are used. Steroid are slow to act, therefore are not effective in
acute attack. Prednisolone or hydrocortisone can be used along with bronchodilators for acute severe asthma.
Endocrinology
123. Ans. (a) Aldosterone (Ref: KDT 6/e p282)
Aldosterone is most potent mineralocorticoid whereas betamethasone is most potent glucocorticoid.
124. Ans. (d) Photosensitivity (Ref: KDT 6/e p855)
• Steroids are used for treatment of photosensitivity.
• Other effects i.e. skin atrophy, telangiectasia and folliculitis can be caused by steroids.
125. Ans. (b) Glaucoma (Ref: KDT 6/e p286)
• Glaucoma occurs after the use of prolonged topical therapy in susceptible individuals.
126. Ans. (a) Dexamethasone (Ref: KDT 6/e p282)
For details, refer to text.
127. Ans. (c) Eczematous skin disease (Ref: KDT 6/e p286)
Hypertension and diabetes are aggravated by steroids. In peptic ulcer, bleeding and silent perforation may occur. Thus,
steroids are contraindicated in these conditions. However, since steroids may have to be used as a life saving measure, all
of these are relative contraindications. Topical corticosteroids are highly effective in eczematous skin diseases.
128. Ans. (b) Rifampicin (Ref: KDT 6/e p317)
• Oral contraceptive failure can occur with patients taking rifampicin because rifampicin is a microsomal enzyme inducer
and induces the metabolism of OCPs.
129. Ans. (a) Hydrocortisone (Ref: KDT 6/e p283, CMDT 2014/1116)
• In chronic adrenal insufficiency or Addison’s disease, hydrocortisone given orally is the drug of choice.
• Hydrocortisone is a glucocorticoid with maximum mineralocorticoid action.
130. Ans. (a) Muscular hypertrophy (Ref: KDT 6/e p286)
“Muscle weakness occurs in both hypo or hypercorticism”
131. Ans. (c) Cortisol (Ref: KDT 6/e p282)
132. Ans. (a) Ketoconazole (Ref: Katzung 11/e p693)
133. Ans. (c) Prednisolone (Ref: KDT 6/e p282)
134. Ans. (c) Osteomalacia (Ref: KDT 6/e p286)
135. Ans. (d) Hypotension (Ref: KDT 6/e p2002)
136. Ans. (d) Break down of phospholipids (Ref: KDT 6/e p279)
137. Ans. (a) Mitotane (Ref: Katzung 11/e p695)
138. Ans. (b) Hypertension (Ref: KDT 6/e p285)
139. Ans. (a) Hypoglycemia (Ref: KDT 6/e p286)
140. Ans. (d) Methyl prednisolone (Ref: KDT 6/e p282)
141. Ans. (c) Prevent de-iodination (Ref: Katzung 11/e p670, 686)
Glucocorticoids on long term use suppress the release of ACTH, GH, TSH and LH. These also inhibit the activity of 5’-
deiodinase and thus inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. These also decrease thyroid binding globulin.
142. Ans. (c) Collagen vascular diseases (Ref: KDT 6/e p284)
143. Ans. (d) Teriparatide (Ref: CMDT 2010/1041)
• Teriparatide acts by stimulating the formation of bone whereas bisphosphonates act by inhibiting the resorption of
bone. Strontium ranelate has both of these properties.
144. Ans (a) Raloxifene (Ref: Katzung, 11/e p759, Goodman and Gilman, 11/e p1557)
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