Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for Specific Conditions
190. Ans. (b) Melarsoprol (Ref: Katzung 10/e p863)
Treatment of trypanosomiasis is:
African sleeping sickness
• Early Haemolymphatic stage : Suramin
• Late CNS Stages : Melarsoprol
• South American disease (Chagas disease) : Nifurtimox
191. Ans. (b) Praziquantal (Ref: KDT 6/e p814, 815)
Drug of choice for treatment of flukes (except liver fluke) and cestodes
Drug of choice for treatment of liver fluke
Drug of choice for treatment of filariasis
Drug of choice for treatment of onchocerca and strongyloides
For rest all helminthes
: Praziquantal
: Triclabendazole
: DEC
: Ivermectin
: Albendazole
192. Ans. (b) Ivermectin (Ref: KDT 6/e p813, 814)
Ivermectin is used for onchocerca and strongyloides, for all other nematodes, DOC is albendazole and for cestodes and
flukes, DOC is praziquantal.
193. Ans. (d) Primaquine (Ref: KDT 6/e p791)
194. Ans. (c) Metronidazole (Ref: KDT 6/e p799)
Drugs used for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis are
• Metronidazole (Drug of choice)
• Vancomycin
195. Ans. (c) Acyclovir (Ref: Katzung 10/e p793; KDT 6/e p769)
Both indinavir and acyclovir can cause nephrotoxicity and renal stone formation. But indinavir is metabolized mainly in
the liver and acyclovir is excreted unchanged in the urine.
196. Ans. (c) Liver (Ref: Katzung 10/e p869)
Albendazole if used for long times at high doses can lead to hepatotoxicity.
197. Ans. (d) Terbinafine (Ref:Katzung 11/e p842)
The diagnosis is Tinea capitis and terbinafine is used for the treatment. Male pattern baldness starts from anterior portion
and scalp and are non-pruritic will family history. The treatment of latter is finasteride.
198. Ans. (a) Chloroquine (Ref: Kanski Clinical Ophthalmology 6/e p842-843)
Chloroquine can cause Bull’s eye maculopathy. The risk of retinotoxicity increases significantly with cumulative dose of
more than 300g (i.e. 250 mg daily for 3 years). It is rare if duration is less than one year.
199. Ans. (c) Praziquantal (Ref: KDT 6/e p435-436)
Praziquantal is the drug of choice for all trematode and cestode infestations except Fasciola hepatica (triclabendazol) and
hydatid disease (albendazole)
200. Ans. (c) Cycloserine (Ref: KDT 6/e p744)
• Rifampicin, INH and pyrazinamide are first line drugs for TB that are hepatotoxic.
• Ethionamide is also hepatotoxic. Remember, ethambutol is not hepatotoxic.
• Cycloserine does not cause hepatotoxicity. Its major adverse effect is neuropsychiatric reactions.
Chemotherapy B: General Antimicrobials Pharmacology for Specific Conditions
201. Ans. (b) Albendazole (Ref: KDT 6/e p810)
202. Ans. (c) Piperazine (Ref: KDT 6/e p811-812)
Drug
Albendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate
Piperazine
Ivermectin
Mechanism of action
Blocks glucose uptake
Spastic Paralysis
Flaccid Paralysis
Tonic Paralysis
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