Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for Specific Conditions
136. Ans. (a) Anemia (Ref: KDT 6/e p771)
137. Ans. (a) Protects against acquiring the HIV infection (Ref: KDT 6/e p776)
138. Ans. (c) < 200/microL (Ref: KDt 6/e p775)
139. Ans. (b) Abacavir (Ref: Katzung 11/e p857, CMDT 2014/1294)
140. Ans. (c) Tenofovir (Ref: Katzung 11/e p859)
141. Ans. (d) Ritonavir (Ref: Katzung 11/e p863)
142. Ans. (b) Saquinavir (Ref: KDT 6/e p767)
143. Ans. (c) Efavirenz (Ref: KDT 6/e p772, 774)
144. Ans. (a) Fusion inhibitor (Ref: KDT 6/e p774)
145. Ans. (c) Thioacetazone (Ref: KDT 6/e p743, Harrison’s 17th/1181, 346)
146. Ans. (d) Stavudine (Ref: KDT 6/e p776)
147. Ans. (b) Gp 41 (Ref: KDT 6/e p774)
148. Ans. (c) Raltegravir (Ref: Harrison 17th/1191; Katzung 11//866)
149. Ans. (a) Atazanavir (Ref: Katzung 11/e p863)
Unlike other protease inhibitors, atazanavir does not appear to be associated with dyslipidemia, fat redistribution or metabolic
syndrome’
150. Ans. (c) > 480g total dose (Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12/e p1405, American academy of opthalmology)
Criteria of High Risk for Developing Chloroquine Retinopathy
• Dosage > 6.5 mg/kg hydroxychloroquine or > 3 mg/kg chloroquine
• Duration of Use > 5 years
• High fat level (unless dosage is appropriately low)
• Presence of renal/liver disease
• Presence of concomitant retinal disease
• Age > 60 years
Previously cumulative dose of > 1g/Kg was considered as a high risk factor which is now not considered.
151. Ans (b) Artesunate plus quinine (Ref: CMDT 2010/1356)
The WHO recommended ACTs include:
• Artemether-lumefantrine
• Artesunate-amodiaquine
• Artesunate-mefloquine
• Artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
• Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine
152. Ans. (c) Artesunate (Ref: Harrison 17th /Table 203-6; KDT 6/e p794)
153. Ans. (a) DLE (Ref: Katzung 10/e p849; KDT 6/e p786)
154. Ans. (d) Clindamycin (Ref: Katzung 10/e p855; KDT 6/e p714)
• Tetracycline and clindamycin are active against erythrocytic schizonts of all human malarial parasite. Doxycycline
is commonly used in the treatment of falciparum malaria in conjunction with quinine, allowing a shorter and well
tolerated course of quinine.
• Clindamycin is slowly active against erythrocytic schizonts and can be used in conjunction with quinine in those for
whom doxycycline is not recommended, such as children and pregnant women.
• Thus, the answer is clindamycin because:
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In chloroquine resistant malaria, chloroquine will be ineffective.
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Tetracycline and doxycycline are contra-indicated in children (due to risk of bone and teeth abnormalities).
155. Ans. (c) Antimalarial (Ref: KDT 6/e p795, 796)
Like halofantrine, lumefantrine is also used for the treatment of malaria.
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