Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
10. Ans. (c) Eye examination (Ref: CMDT 2010, 1501)
Methotrexate toxicities include:
• Myelosuppression
• Nephrotoxicity
• Hepatotoxicity
• Neurotoxicity (with intrathecal administration and high-dose therapy)
• Photosensitivity
• Pulmonary toxicity
• Multiple drug interactions which may enhance toxicities (avoid aspirin, penicillins,
NSAIDs, omeprazole,TMP-SMZ)
11. Ans. (a) Cisplatin (Ref: CMDT 2010/1508)
Cisplatin is the most emetogenic anticancer drug.
12. Ans. (b) Cytarabine (Ref: Katzung 11/e p945)
Cytarabine causes cerebellar ataxia.
13. Ans. (a) 5-Fluorouracil (Ref: Katzung 11/e p945)
5-Fluorouracil is an antimetabolite whereas melphalan, cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil are alkylating agents.
Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drugs
14. Ans. (d) Mesna (Ref: Drug facts and comprisons 2010, 3107)
Anticancer drugs and supportive care agents that can be given orally are:
Cyclophosphamide Melphalan Procarbazine
Temozolomide Busulfan Chlorambucil
Nitrosoureas (Lomustine, carmustine) 6-Mercaptopurine Capecitabine
All tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Dasatinib, Erlotinib,
Geftinib, Imatinib, etc.)
Thalidomide and lenalidomide
Altretamine
Testosterone recept or blockers e.g.
flutamide
Hydroxyurea
Aromatase inhibitors e.g. anastrozole Allopurinol Leucovorin
Pilocarpine
Mesna
SERMs, e.g. tamoxifen
15. Ans. (c) Capecitabine (Ref: Katzung 10th/889)
5-FU, capecitabine and liposomal doxorubicin can cause hand and foot syndrome. Generally, this disease affects infants
and children. Adults with immunodeficiency can also be affected.
16. Ans. (c) Vinblastine (Ref: Katzung 11/e p774)
Vinblastine is a M phase specific vinca alkaloid whereas bleomycin acts selectively on G 1
phase of cell cycle.
17. Ans. (b) Laryngotracheal stenosis (Ref: American College of Chest Physicians, 2008)
• Mitomycin is an anti-tumor antibiotic with alkylating agent like property. It is used in superficial cancer of urinary
bladder and for squamous cell carcinoma of anus.
• The drug has radiomimetic effects, and also sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells to the effects of hypoxia.
• Application of topical mitomycin C after endoscopic dilation of laryngotracheal stenosis reduces the rate of restenosis.
18. Ans. (a) Type I pneumocyte (Oncologic Emergencies by Sai Ching p92)
Bleomycin causes necrosis of Type I pneumocytes that results in compensatory hyperlasia of type-II pneumocytes. Same
kind of injury can also occur in response to radiations. In experimental models, this type of injury has been ameliorated by
keratinocyte growth factor.
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