Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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Review of Pharmacology Immunomodulators (c) Cytarabine – Inhibits DNA synthesis in S-phase. (d) Cycloserine – Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. 51. Ans. (a) Given orally as too toxic to intravenous (Ref: KDT 6/e p839-840 ) 52. Ans. (b) Hypotension (Ref: KDT 6/e p840) 53. Ans. (a) IgG 1 chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF (Ref: KDT 6/e p205) 54. Ans. (a) Mepolizumb (Ref: www.wikipedia.org) 55. Ans. (b) Omalizumab (Ref: KDT 6/e p226) 56. Ans. (a) TNF alpha (Ref: KDT 6/e p203) 57. Ans. (c) T-Cell proliferation (Ref: KDT 6/e p837) 58. Ans. (b) Adalimumab (Ref: Katzung 11/e p633) 59. Ans. (b) Ibritumomab (Ref: Katzung 11/e p978) 60. Ans. (a) Ifosfamide (Ref: KDT 6/e p633-634) 61. Ans. (d) Rifampicin (Ref KDT 6/e p840, www.medscape.com/druginfo) Erythromycin, itraconazol and danazol inhibit the metabolism of tacrolimus and thus increase the plasma concentration whereas rifampicin is an enzyme inducer and decrease its plasma level. 62. Ans. (a) Diabetic retinopathy (Ref: Katzung 11//977; Harrison 17/e p512) Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF and is used as an anti-angiogenic drug. It is mainly used for colorectal carcinoma and is used off-label by intravitreal injection to slow progression of neovascular macular degeneration. 63. Ans. (a) Direct antiviral activity (Ref Katzung 11/e p1053 ) 64. Ans. (c) Cyclosporine (Ref: KDT 6/e p838) Cyclosporine inhibits helper T cells (CD4) cells by inhibiting the transcription of IL-2 (via calcineurin inihibition). Answers of recent Questions asked by National Board 1. Ans (c) Mycophenolate mofetil (Ref. KDT 7th/883) 2. Ans (c) Omalizumab (Ref. KDT 7th/231) 3. Ans (a) Acts on VEGF (Ref. KDT 7th/871) 4. Ans (b) Cyclosporine (Ref: KDT 7th/878) 5. Ans. (a) CD 25 (Ref: KDT 7th/884) 6. Ans. (a) Monoclonal antibody against VEGF (Ref: KDT 7th/871) 7. Ans. (a) CD 20 (Ref: KDT 7th/872) 8. Ans. (c) It selectively affects differentiation of T cells (Ref: KDT 7th/863-864) 9. Ans. (a) HIV related neuropathy (Ref: KDT 7th/786) 10. Ans. (d) Abciximab (Ref: KDT 7th/631, 883-884) 11. Ans. (d) Cyclosporine A (Ref: KDT 7th/880-881) 12. Ans. (b) Tazarotene (Ref: KDT 7th/891) 13. Ans. (b) Levamisol (Ref: KDT 7th/852) 14. Ans. (b) Levamisole (Ref: KDT 7th/812) 15. Ans. (a) CD4 cells (Ref: KDT 7th/838-39) 690 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
CHAPTER 17 Other Topics and Adverse Effects Drugs Used in Dermatology 1. Glucocorticoids Potency of these agents is traditionally measured using vasoconstrictor assay (area of skin blanching). Betamethasone, clobetasol, diflorasone, halobetasol, amcinonide, desoximetasone, fluocinonide, halcinonide, triamcinolone, flurandrenolide, hydrocortisone, mometasone, aclometasone, dexamethasone and desonide formulations can be used topically. Betametha sone diproprionate is most potent and hydrocortisone is least potent topically steroid. Skin atrophy (cigarette paper skin), striae, telengictasia, purpura and acneiform eruptions are the side effects occuring by chronic use. 2. Retinoids These may be first generation (retinol, tretinoin, isotretinoin and alitretinoin), second generation (acitretin), third generation (tazarotene and bexarotene) and retinoid-like (adaplene) compounds. These are potent teratogens (contra-indicated in pregnancy) and may cause dry skin, nose bleeds, conjuctivitis, alopecia, muscular pain, pseudotumor cerebri and mood alterations. Betamethasone diproprionate is most potent and hydrocortisone is least potent topically steroid. Skin atrophy (cigarette paper skin), striae, telengictasia, purpura and acneiform eruptions are the side effects occuring by chronic use of topical steroids. • Tretinoin is used for acne vulgaris and as an adjunctive agent for treating photoaging. • Tazarotene is approved for psoriasis and acne vulgaris. • Alitretinoin is approved only for treatment of skin manifestations of Kaposi’s sarcoma. • Isotretinoin is indicated for the treatment of severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris. It may result in hyperlipidemia, myalgia and arthralgia. • Acitretin (major metabolite of etretinate) was used for psoriasis but was withdrawn due to very long half life (2-3 days). • Bexarotene is used for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It may cause lipid abnormalities, hypothyroidism and gastrointestinal symptoms. 3. Photochemotherapy Ultraviolet radiations may be classified into UV-A (320-400 nm), UV-B (290-320 nm) and UV-C (100-290 nm) according to wavelength. UV-B is most erythrogenic and melanogenic radiation. • PUVA: 8-Methoxypsoralen (oral) followed by UV-A is approved for treatment of vitiligo, psoriasis and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Major side effects include nausea, blistering and painful erythema. It increases the risk of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Photopheresis: After oral methoxypsoralen, leucocytes are seperated from whole blood using extracorporeal pheresis (ECP) device and then exposed to UV-A radiation. Irradiated cells are then returned to the patient. ECP is effective for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. • Photodynamic therapy: It combines photosensitizing drugs (mostly porphyrins) with visible light for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers and actinic keratosis. 4. Antimetabolites • Methotrexate is used for moderate to severe psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, pityriasis rubra, SLE, dermatomyositis and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Pregnancy and lactation are absolute contra-indications. https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
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Review of Pharmacology Ninth Editio
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Dedicated to My parents, wife Prave
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Preface to the Ninth Edition We wan
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Acknowledgments When emotions are p
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References • Harrison’s Princip
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Contents 1. History of Pharmacology
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CHAPTER 1 History of pharmacology S
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CHAPTER 2 General Pharmacology Phar
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General Pharmacology Note: It is si
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General Pharmacology Drug metaboliz
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General Pharmacology Order of kinet
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General Pharmacology Therapeutic Dr
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General Pharmacology Fig. 2.4: G-pr
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General Pharmacology sigmoid shaped
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General Pharmacology Phase 1: Here,
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General Pharmacology 5. Essential m
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General Pharmacology (b) Bioavailab
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General Pharmacology (c) Are highly
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General Pharmacology (c) Strong aci
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General Pharmacology (a) 50 mg/hour
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General Pharmacology 140. Phamacoge
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General Pharmacology (c) Piroxicam
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206. Which of the following drugs s
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General Pharmacology 29. In which t
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General Pharmacology Explanations 1
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General Pharmacology • Other fact
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General Pharmacology -- Suppose, 10
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General Pharmacology 77. Ans. (a) W
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= 40 L × 4 mg/L = 160 mg Clearance
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General Pharmacology 126. Ans. (c)
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General Pharmacology 154. Ans. (d)
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General Pharmacology Intolerance is
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General Pharmacology 6. Ans. (b) b
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CHAPTER 3 Autonomic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System Functions
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Autonomic Nervous System • Carbac
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Autonomic Nervous System used for g
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Autonomic Nervous System -- Central
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Autonomic Nervous System • Theref
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Autonomic Nervous System • Eye: S
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Autonomic Nervous System • Dopami
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Autonomic Nervous System • Phenox
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Autonomic Nervous System Lipid Inso
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Autonomic Nervous System Drug of Ch
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Multiple Choice Questions Autonomic
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Organo
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(c) Physostigmime (d) Hyoscine hydr
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Tropic
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132. A drug that blocks the uptake
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165. Clonidine is used for: (Kolkat
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as an effective substitute which do
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Autonomic Nervous System 13. Which
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Increa
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Autonomic Nervous System 9. Ans. (a
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Autonomic Nervous System 39. Ans. (
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Autonomic Nervous System - Temazepa
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Autonomic Nervous System 103. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System have no ef
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Autonomic Nervous System 23. Ans. (
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CHAPTER 4 Autacoids These are the s
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Autacoids All second generation ant
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Autacoids v v v v v Calcium channel
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Autacoids nary bypass. It can also
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Autacoids to presence of sulfur con
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Autacoids Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheu
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Autacoids It is a monoclonal antibo
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Autacoids Drug of choice Condition
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15. Anti-vertigo drug which modulat
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49. Sumatriptan is: (DPG 1999, TN 2
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81. All of the following effects ar
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114. Which prostaglandin helps in c
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Autacoids 148. Which of the followi
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Autacoids 30. A 15 year old boy was
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Autacoids 16. Ans. (b) Dangerous ve
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Autacoids 56. Ans. (c) Cyclooxygena
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Autacoids 85. Ans. (b) Aspirin supp
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Autacoids 125. Ans. (b) Indomethaci
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Autacoids 13. Ans. (a) Naproxen (Re
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CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System CON
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Cardiovascular System In atrial fib
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System should be use
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Cardiovascular System tive α 1 blo
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Cardiovascular System nifedipine an
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System ANGINA PECTOR
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Cardiovascular System BETA BLOCKERS
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Cardiovascular System The action po
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Cardiovascular System depolarized c
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Cardiovascular System • Digoxin i
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Cardiovascular System Contd... •
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Cardiovascular System DRUG OF CHOIC
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15. Digoxin toxicity is aggravated
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(c) Treat digoxin toxicity (d) Rapi
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(c) Decreases sodium and increases
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Cardiovascular System 113. All of t
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146. Which of the following drugs i
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Cardiovascular System 180. Characte
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213. In a patient with hypertriglyc
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247. ACE inhibitors cause: (PGI Dec
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Cardiovascular System 16. Dialysis
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Cardiovascular System 53. Which of
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• Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP
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Cardiovascular System 43. Ans. (d)
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Cardiovascular System 81. Ans. (a)
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Cardiovascular System -- Hypertensi
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Cardiovascular System Cyanide has v
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Cardiovascular System 13. Ans (b) P
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CHAPTER 6 Kidney Diuretics Diuretic
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Kidney Uses Main use of loop diuret
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Kidney • Amiloride is more potent
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Kidney Amiloride It is the agent of
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Kidney Multiple Choice Questions di
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30. Which of the following statemen
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66. Advantage of desmopressin over
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Kidney Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Hyp
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16. Ans. (b) Bumetanide (Ref: KDT 6
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Kidney 55. Ans (d) V 4 : Central Ne
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CHAPTER 7 Endocrinology Hormones ar
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Endocrinology Prolactin It causes g
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Endocrinology • In the liver and
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Endocrinology I 131 can be used for
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Endocrinology Drug interactions •
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Endocrinology Lactic acidosis (more
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Endocrinology 3. amylin analogs Pra
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Endocrinology Important Points Maxi
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Endocrinology • Steroids with sel
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Endocrinology • Vitamin D 2 is er
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Endocrinology Denosumab Osteoclasts
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Endocrinology • SERMs are targete
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Endocrinology Contd... • Uliprist
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Endocrinology only pills. Chances o
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Endocrinology Pharmacokinetics Test
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Endocrinology Ergot Derivatives Erg
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Endocrinology Contd... • Hyperpro
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completion of therapy, the patient
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(c) Glucose (d) Starch 47. True abo
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(c) Na + exit/K + entry (d) K + ent
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Endocrinology 113. Which of the fol
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147. Bisphosphonates act by: (AI 20
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180. Women receiving estrogen thera
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(c) Clomiphene (d) Mifepristone (RU
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246. Mechanism of Calcitriol is: (R
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Endocrinology 32. Drug used to cont
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(b) Glimepiride (c) Repaglinide (d)
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Endocrinology Explanations 1. Ans.
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Endocrinology 24. Ans. (c) Propylth
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Endocrinology • When this drug is
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Endocrinology Hypoglycemia is cause
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Endocrinology Drugs causing Addison
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Endocrinology Raloxifene is a selec
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Endocrinology • Enzyme inducers l
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Endocrinology 197. Ans. (b) Blocks
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Endocrinology A spider angioma (als
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Endocrinology 4. Ans (c) Glaucoma (
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Endocrinology 70. Ans. (c) Mifepris
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NOTES _____________________________
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CHAPTER 8 Central Nervous System Se
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Central Nervous System It is admini
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Central Nervous System • Abnormal
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Central Nervous System useful in AD
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Central Nervous System Wilson’s D
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Central Nervous System Important Dr
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Central Nervous System • Lamotrig
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Central Nervous System play a role
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Central Nervous System According to
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Central Nervous System bulimia, pre
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Central Nervous System Anti Manic D
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Central Nervous System dependence,
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Central Nervous System increase hea
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Central Nervous System Actions •
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Central Nervous System Contd... •
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(c) Alkalization of the urine will
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Central Nervous System (c) Ketamine
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79. Drug of choice for myoclonic ep
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(c) Phenytoin (d) Valproic acid 112
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146. Which of the following antipsy
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(c) Regular measurements of blood c
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210. A patient Rajnish having depre
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242. Drug useful in malignant hyper
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279. Preferred drug for alcohol wit
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314. Morphine can administered by a
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(c) Analgesia (d) Mydriasis 348. Di
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17. Antiparkinson drug known to cau
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53. Which drug is the most useful i
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Central Nervous System 15. Ans. (c)
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Central Nervous System 39. Ans. (b)
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67. Ans. (a) Phenytoin (Ref: Katzun
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97. Ans. (a) Hepatitis (Ref: KDT 6/
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Central Nervous System 145. Ans (c)
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Central Nervous System 159. Ans. (d
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Central Nervous System 187. Ans. (b
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Central Nervous System 212. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 258. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 303. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 326. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 60. Ans. (a)
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CHAPTER 9 Anaesthesia Local Anaesth
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Anaesthesia trigeminal nerve, cervi
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Anaesthesia Centrally Acting Muscle
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Anaesthesia • These drugs release
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic MAC (% atm)
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Anaesthesia Methemoglobinemia and l
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Anaesthesia Chloroform • It is a
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Anaesthesia Contd... • It does no
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic agents of c
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Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questio
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33. Post dural (Spinal) puncture he
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(b) Dantrolene (c) Succinylcholine
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103. Which of the following drugs a
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Anaesthesia 138. Thiopental sodium
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Anaesthesia Explanations 1. Ans (c)
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Anaesthesia 20. Ans. (d) Seizures a
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Anaesthesia 49. Ans. (b) Meprobamat
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Anaesthesia • The patient underwe
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Anaesthesia 91. Ans. (b) Sevofluran
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Anaesthesia • In pheochromocytoma
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CHAPTER 10 Hematology HAEMATINICS T
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Hematology • Deficiency of folic
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Hematology • Main drugs acting as
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Hematology 1. Oral Anticoagulants
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Hematology • Bioavailability of u
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Hematology • Rodenticides contain
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Hematology Condition • Anemia Dru
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(c) Erythropoietin (d) Filgrastim (
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Hematology 46. Tirofiban is a: (RJ
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80. The anticoagulant of choice in
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6. Mechanism of action of clopidogr
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Hematology Explanations 1. Ans. (c)
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Hematology 17. Ans. (d) Oprelvekin
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Hematology 51. Ans. (a) Dabigatran:
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Hematology 71. Ans. (c) Warfarin (R
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Hematology 106. Ans. (c) Streptokin
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CHAPTER 11 Respiratory System Cough
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Respiratory System fast acting also
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Respiratory System LT receptor anta
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Respiratory System Condition • Br
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17. The most prominent and dose rel
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Respiratory System 52. In theophyll
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Respiratory System Explanations 1.
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Respiratory System • Inhalational
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CHAPTER 12 Gastrointestinal Tract P
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Gastrointestinal Tract Contd... --
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Gastrointestinal Tract Anti Emetic
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Gastrointestinal Tract Domperidone
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Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Rehydra
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Gastrointestinal Tract Condition
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(c) Misoprostol (d) Omeprazole 15.
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49. The most effective antiemetic f
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Gastrointestinal Tract recent Quest
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Gastrointestinal Tract Explanations
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Gastrointestinal Tract 30. Ans. (b)
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Gastrointestinal Tract 1. EarlyPhas
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Gastrointestinal Tract 17. Ans. (c)
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CHAPTER 13 Chemotherapy A: General
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Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
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contd... Drugs Binds to Mechanism o
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Contd... Chemotherapy A: General Co
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Clinical Uses Chemotherapy A: Gener
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Important Points About Antimicrobia
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128. Ans. (b) Trovafloxacin (Goodma
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CHAPTER 14 Chemotherapy B: Antimicr
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Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for
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Clofazimine It is a dye with lepros
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Foscarnet It is not an antimetaboli
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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16. Bactericidal drugs in ATT are:
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50. Ethambutol should be used very
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120. Regarding ritonavir use in AID
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ACTs). All of the following combina
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ecent Questions asked by National B
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Explanations Chemotherapy B: Antimi
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25. Ans. (b) Ethionamide (Ref: KDT
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CHAPTER 15 Chemotherapy C: Antineop
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Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drug
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Page 663 and 664: Multiple Choice Questions Chemother
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Page 689 and 690: Immunomodulators Examples of each t
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Page 705 and 706: Other Topics and Adverse Effects Co
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Page 715 and 716: Other Topics and Adverse Effects (c
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Page 727 and 728: CHAPTER 18 Drugs of Choice Drug of
Page 729 and 730: Drugs of Choice Contd... Hypertensi
Page 731 and 732: Contd... VRSA LINEZOLID/STREPTOGRAM
Page 733 and 734: CHAPTER 19 New Drugs 1. Abatacept:
Page 735 and 736: New Drugs 52. Canakinumab: A human
Page 737 and 738: New Drugs 100. Ecallantide: A plasm
Page 739 and 740: New Drugs 153. Laronidase: Recombin
Page 741 and 742: New Drugs 204. Peginesatide: A pept
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Page 749 and 750: CHAPTER 20 Recent Topics TRICYCLIC
Page 751 and 752: Recent Topics 2. Drugs 5-HT 2 recep
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Recent Topics Arginine NOS NO + Cit
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Recent Topics Contd... Drug Tetracy
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Recent Topics -- If the patient has
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CHAPTER 21 Latest Papers AIIMS Nove
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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• Clindamycin and erythromycin ar
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Latest Papers AIIMS May 2014 1. Whi
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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13. Ans. a. Hypokalemia (Ref: Harri
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NOTES _____________________________
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Image Based Questions https://kat.c
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Image Based Questions 1. The result
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5. A new antiarrhythmic drug is fou
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10. Amarnath, a 58 year old busines
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14. A 72-year-old male, Hemraj was
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(rapid vs slow induction of anesthe
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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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