Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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Review of Pharmacology Contd... Definite association Possible association Unlikely association Quinidine Cimetidine Griseofulvin Procainamide Ethosuximide Methysergide Methyldopa Levodopa Oral contraceptives Lithium Tetracyclines Trimethadione Phenylbutazone Nitrofurantoin Reserpine Penicillamine Streptomycin Phenytoin Penicillin Propylthiouracil Sulfasalazine Sulfonamides Methimazole Other Topics and Adverse Effects 19. Ans. (b) Flutamide (Ref: CMDT-2010/1055; Katzung 11/e p718) ‘Flutamide is an anti-androgen and is used for treatment of hirsutism’ 20. Ans. (b) Minocycline (Ref: Harrison 17/e p327-328, CMDT-2010/121) Both minocycline as well as chlorpromazine can cause pigmentation on long-term use. However, as the patient in question is being treated for acne, the answer should be minocycline. Antibiotics used in acne are erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline. 21. Ans. (b) Zidovudine – Cardiomyopathy (Ref: Katzung 11/e p1028-1029) ‘Zidovudine do not cause teratogenicity, rather it is used during pregnancy to prevent vertical transmission. The major toxicity of ziduvudine is bone marrow suppression. 22. Ans. (a) Clofazimine; (b) Minocycline; (d) Gold (Ref: KDT 6/e p713,752, 204) • Drugs causing pigmentation of skin are: –– OCP –– Minocycline –– Chloroquine –– Chlorpromazine and related phenothiazines –– Heavy metals (Ag, Au, Bi, As) –– Clofazimine –– Amiodarone –– Quinacrine Note: • Chloroquine causes blue-block pigmentation of nails and palate and depigmentation of hair. • Zidovudine, hydroxyurea causes brown discolouration of nails. • Sulphonamides cause fixed drug eruptions. • Rifampicin cause redish discolouration of secretions. • Vancomycin cause Redman Syndrome. 23. Ans. (b) Potassium exchange resins (Ref: CMDT-2010/798-799) Drugs used for emergency treatment of hyperkalemia are: • Insulin (with glucose) • β-agonists • Sodium bicarbonate • Calcium gluconate Drugs used as non-emergency measure in hyperkalemia are: • Loop diuretics • K + exchange resins [Sodium polystyrene sulfate] 24. Ans. (c) Neuropeptide Y (Ref: Katzung 10/e p386-88) • Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (alpha-MSH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) both suppress food intake. 706 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
Other Topics and Adverse Effects • NPY is known to be an extremely potent stimulator of feeding behavior. • Leptin appears to act, at least in part, by inhibiting NPY synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. 25. Ans. (a) Isotretinoin (Ref: Williams obstetrics 22/e p346, 347, 348; KDT 6/e p854) • Isotretinoin can cause microtia or anotia. • These defects are frequently associated with agenesis or stenosis of the external ear canal and may lead to deafness. • Isotretinoin is one of the most potent teratogen in common use. • Abnormalities commonly occur after 1st Trimester. • Any organ system can be affected by isotretinoin exposure but malformations typically involve the cranium, face, heart, central nervous system and thymus. • Facial defects include cleft palate and maldevelopment of the facial bones and cranium. • Cardiac anomalies include conotruncal or outflow tract defects. • Hydrocephalus is the most common central nervous system defect. • Thymic abnormalities include aplasia, hypoplasia or malposition. Features of Fetal Alcohol syndrome • Behaviour disturbances • Brain defects • Cardiac defects • Spinal defects • Craniofacial anomalies Warfarin • First trimester → Hypoplastic nasal bridge, chondrodysplasia • Second trimester → C.N.S. malformations • Third trimester → Risk of bleeding, Discontinue the use one month before delivery. • Chloroquine is not teratogenic. 26. Ans. (c) Ciclopirox oleamine (Ref: Neeta Khanna 1/e p265; KDT 6/e p863) Scabicides used in the t/t of scabies are • Permethrin (5%) • Benzyl benzoate (25%) • Gamma benzene hexachloride (BHC) (1%) • Crotamiton (10%) • Ivermectin 27. Ans. (d) Para Tertiary Butyl Phenol (Ref: Handbook of Occupational Dermatology by Lasse Kanerva/289) • This is a charaterstic chemical leukoderma caused by the use of bindi due to its charaterstic location (centre of forehead). • Para tertiary butylphenol (PTBP) is present in the adhesives of bindi and result in leukoderma. REMEMBER: Most potent agent causing chemical leukoderma is Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. 28. Ans. (a) Palliative treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (Ref: Katzung 10/e p305; KDT 6/e p182) Prostaglandin analogs are useful for • Pulmonary hypertension • Impotence • Peptic ulcer • Bronchial asthma • Inflammatory bowel disease Remember, For PDA, indomethacin (drug decreasing PGs) is used. 29. Ans. (b) Vitiligo (Ref: Katzung 10/e p998; KDT 6/e p851) • Psoralens (like trioxsalen and methoxsalen) along with UV-A are used to induce pigmentation in vitiligo. 30. Ans (a) Cocaine (Ref: Goodman & Gilman 11/e p621; KDT 6/e p356-357) Cocaine characteristically causes tactile hallucinations (feeling of worms running on skin), which is known as Magnon phenomenon. 31. Ans. (a) Sildenafil (Ref: Katzung 10/e p188; KDT 6/e p295-296) Sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil are phosphodiesterase V inhibitors indicated for erectile dysfunction. Other General Topics and Pharmacology Adverse Effects 707 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
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Review of Pharmacology Ninth Editio
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Dedicated to My parents, wife Prave
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Preface to the Ninth Edition We wan
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Acknowledgments When emotions are p
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References • Harrison’s Princip
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Contents 1. History of Pharmacology
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CHAPTER 1 History of pharmacology S
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CHAPTER 2 General Pharmacology Phar
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General Pharmacology Note: It is si
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General Pharmacology Drug metaboliz
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General Pharmacology Order of kinet
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General Pharmacology Therapeutic Dr
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General Pharmacology Fig. 2.4: G-pr
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General Pharmacology sigmoid shaped
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General Pharmacology Phase 1: Here,
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General Pharmacology 5. Essential m
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General Pharmacology (b) Bioavailab
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General Pharmacology (c) Are highly
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General Pharmacology (c) Strong aci
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General Pharmacology (a) 50 mg/hour
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General Pharmacology 140. Phamacoge
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General Pharmacology (c) Piroxicam
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206. Which of the following drugs s
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General Pharmacology 29. In which t
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General Pharmacology Explanations 1
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General Pharmacology • Other fact
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General Pharmacology -- Suppose, 10
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General Pharmacology 77. Ans. (a) W
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= 40 L × 4 mg/L = 160 mg Clearance
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General Pharmacology 126. Ans. (c)
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General Pharmacology 154. Ans. (d)
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General Pharmacology Intolerance is
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General Pharmacology 6. Ans. (b) b
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CHAPTER 3 Autonomic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System Functions
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Autonomic Nervous System • Carbac
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Autonomic Nervous System used for g
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Autonomic Nervous System -- Central
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Autonomic Nervous System • Theref
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Autonomic Nervous System • Eye: S
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Autonomic Nervous System • Dopami
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Autonomic Nervous System • Phenox
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Autonomic Nervous System Lipid Inso
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Autonomic Nervous System Drug of Ch
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Multiple Choice Questions Autonomic
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Organo
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(c) Physostigmime (d) Hyoscine hydr
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Tropic
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132. A drug that blocks the uptake
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165. Clonidine is used for: (Kolkat
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as an effective substitute which do
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Autonomic Nervous System 13. Which
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Autonomic Nervous System (c) Increa
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Autonomic Nervous System 9. Ans. (a
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Autonomic Nervous System 39. Ans. (
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Autonomic Nervous System - Temazepa
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Autonomic Nervous System 103. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System have no ef
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Autonomic Nervous System 23. Ans. (
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CHAPTER 4 Autacoids These are the s
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Autacoids All second generation ant
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Autacoids v v v v v Calcium channel
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Autacoids nary bypass. It can also
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Autacoids to presence of sulfur con
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Autacoids Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheu
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Autacoids It is a monoclonal antibo
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Autacoids Drug of choice Condition
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15. Anti-vertigo drug which modulat
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49. Sumatriptan is: (DPG 1999, TN 2
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81. All of the following effects ar
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114. Which prostaglandin helps in c
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Autacoids 148. Which of the followi
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Autacoids 30. A 15 year old boy was
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Autacoids 16. Ans. (b) Dangerous ve
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Autacoids 56. Ans. (c) Cyclooxygena
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Autacoids 85. Ans. (b) Aspirin supp
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Autacoids 125. Ans. (b) Indomethaci
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Autacoids 13. Ans. (a) Naproxen (Re
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CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System CON
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Cardiovascular System In atrial fib
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System should be use
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Cardiovascular System tive α 1 blo
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Cardiovascular System nifedipine an
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System ANGINA PECTOR
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Cardiovascular System BETA BLOCKERS
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Cardiovascular System The action po
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Cardiovascular System depolarized c
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Cardiovascular System • Digoxin i
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Cardiovascular System Contd... •
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Cardiovascular System DRUG OF CHOIC
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15. Digoxin toxicity is aggravated
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(c) Treat digoxin toxicity (d) Rapi
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(c) Decreases sodium and increases
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Cardiovascular System 113. All of t
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146. Which of the following drugs i
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Cardiovascular System 180. Characte
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213. In a patient with hypertriglyc
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247. ACE inhibitors cause: (PGI Dec
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Cardiovascular System 16. Dialysis
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Cardiovascular System 53. Which of
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• Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP
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Cardiovascular System 43. Ans. (d)
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Cardiovascular System 81. Ans. (a)
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Cardiovascular System -- Hypertensi
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Cardiovascular System Cyanide has v
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Cardiovascular System 13. Ans (b) P
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CHAPTER 6 Kidney Diuretics Diuretic
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Kidney Uses Main use of loop diuret
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Kidney • Amiloride is more potent
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Kidney Amiloride It is the agent of
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Kidney Multiple Choice Questions di
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30. Which of the following statemen
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66. Advantage of desmopressin over
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Kidney Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Hyp
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16. Ans. (b) Bumetanide (Ref: KDT 6
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Kidney 55. Ans (d) V 4 : Central Ne
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CHAPTER 7 Endocrinology Hormones ar
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Endocrinology Prolactin It causes g
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Endocrinology • In the liver and
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Endocrinology I 131 can be used for
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Endocrinology Drug interactions •
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Endocrinology Lactic acidosis (more
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Endocrinology 3. amylin analogs Pra
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Endocrinology Important Points Maxi
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Endocrinology • Steroids with sel
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Endocrinology • Vitamin D 2 is er
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Endocrinology Denosumab Osteoclasts
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Endocrinology • SERMs are targete
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Endocrinology Contd... • Uliprist
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Endocrinology only pills. Chances o
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Endocrinology Pharmacokinetics Test
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Endocrinology Ergot Derivatives Erg
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Endocrinology Contd... • Hyperpro
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completion of therapy, the patient
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(c) Glucose (d) Starch 47. True abo
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(c) Na + exit/K + entry (d) K + ent
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Endocrinology 113. Which of the fol
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147. Bisphosphonates act by: (AI 20
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180. Women receiving estrogen thera
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(c) Clomiphene (d) Mifepristone (RU
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246. Mechanism of Calcitriol is: (R
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Endocrinology 32. Drug used to cont
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(b) Glimepiride (c) Repaglinide (d)
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Endocrinology Explanations 1. Ans.
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Endocrinology 24. Ans. (c) Propylth
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Endocrinology • When this drug is
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Endocrinology Hypoglycemia is cause
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Endocrinology Drugs causing Addison
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Endocrinology Raloxifene is a selec
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Endocrinology • Enzyme inducers l
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Endocrinology 197. Ans. (b) Blocks
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Endocrinology A spider angioma (als
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Endocrinology 4. Ans (c) Glaucoma (
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Endocrinology 70. Ans. (c) Mifepris
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NOTES _____________________________
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CHAPTER 8 Central Nervous System Se
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Central Nervous System It is admini
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Central Nervous System • Abnormal
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Central Nervous System useful in AD
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Central Nervous System Wilson’s D
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Central Nervous System Important Dr
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Central Nervous System • Lamotrig
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Central Nervous System play a role
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Central Nervous System According to
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Central Nervous System bulimia, pre
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Central Nervous System Anti Manic D
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Central Nervous System dependence,
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Central Nervous System increase hea
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Central Nervous System Actions •
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Central Nervous System Contd... •
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(c) Alkalization of the urine will
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Central Nervous System (c) Ketamine
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79. Drug of choice for myoclonic ep
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(c) Phenytoin (d) Valproic acid 112
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146. Which of the following antipsy
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(c) Regular measurements of blood c
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210. A patient Rajnish having depre
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242. Drug useful in malignant hyper
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279. Preferred drug for alcohol wit
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314. Morphine can administered by a
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(c) Analgesia (d) Mydriasis 348. Di
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17. Antiparkinson drug known to cau
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53. Which drug is the most useful i
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Central Nervous System 15. Ans. (c)
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Central Nervous System 39. Ans. (b)
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67. Ans. (a) Phenytoin (Ref: Katzun
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97. Ans. (a) Hepatitis (Ref: KDT 6/
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Central Nervous System 145. Ans (c)
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Central Nervous System 159. Ans. (d
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Central Nervous System 187. Ans. (b
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Central Nervous System 212. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 258. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 303. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 326. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 60. Ans. (a)
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CHAPTER 9 Anaesthesia Local Anaesth
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Anaesthesia trigeminal nerve, cervi
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Anaesthesia Centrally Acting Muscle
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Anaesthesia • These drugs release
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic MAC (% atm)
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Anaesthesia Methemoglobinemia and l
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Anaesthesia Chloroform • It is a
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Anaesthesia Contd... • It does no
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic agents of c
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Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questio
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33. Post dural (Spinal) puncture he
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(b) Dantrolene (c) Succinylcholine
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103. Which of the following drugs a
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Anaesthesia 138. Thiopental sodium
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Anaesthesia Explanations 1. Ans (c)
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Anaesthesia 20. Ans. (d) Seizures a
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Anaesthesia 49. Ans. (b) Meprobamat
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Anaesthesia • The patient underwe
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Anaesthesia 91. Ans. (b) Sevofluran
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Anaesthesia • In pheochromocytoma
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CHAPTER 10 Hematology HAEMATINICS T
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Hematology • Deficiency of folic
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Hematology • Main drugs acting as
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Hematology 1. Oral Anticoagulants
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Hematology • Bioavailability of u
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Hematology • Rodenticides contain
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Hematology Condition • Anemia Dru
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(c) Erythropoietin (d) Filgrastim (
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Hematology 46. Tirofiban is a: (RJ
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80. The anticoagulant of choice in
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6. Mechanism of action of clopidogr
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Hematology Explanations 1. Ans. (c)
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Hematology 17. Ans. (d) Oprelvekin
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Hematology 51. Ans. (a) Dabigatran:
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Hematology 71. Ans. (c) Warfarin (R
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Hematology 106. Ans. (c) Streptokin
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CHAPTER 11 Respiratory System Cough
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Respiratory System fast acting also
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Respiratory System LT receptor anta
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Respiratory System Condition • Br
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17. The most prominent and dose rel
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Respiratory System 52. In theophyll
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Respiratory System Explanations 1.
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Respiratory System • Inhalational
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CHAPTER 12 Gastrointestinal Tract P
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Gastrointestinal Tract Contd... --
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Gastrointestinal Tract Anti Emetic
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Gastrointestinal Tract Domperidone
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Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Rehydra
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Gastrointestinal Tract Condition
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(c) Misoprostol (d) Omeprazole 15.
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49. The most effective antiemetic f
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Gastrointestinal Tract recent Quest
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Gastrointestinal Tract Explanations
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Gastrointestinal Tract 30. Ans. (b)
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Gastrointestinal Tract 1. EarlyPhas
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Gastrointestinal Tract 17. Ans. (c)
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CHAPTER 13 Chemotherapy A: General
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Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
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contd... Drugs Binds to Mechanism o
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Contd... Chemotherapy A: General Co
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Clinical Uses Chemotherapy A: Gener
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Important Points About Antimicrobia
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128. Ans. (b) Trovafloxacin (Goodma
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CHAPTER 14 Chemotherapy B: Antimicr
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Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for
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Clofazimine It is a dye with lepros
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Foscarnet It is not an antimetaboli
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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16. Bactericidal drugs in ATT are:
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50. Ethambutol should be used very
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120. Regarding ritonavir use in AID
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ACTs). All of the following combina
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ecent Questions asked by National B
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Explanations Chemotherapy B: Antimi
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25. Ans. (b) Ethionamide (Ref: KDT
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CHAPTER 15 Chemotherapy C: Antineop
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Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drug
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4-5 years). Another distinguishing
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GnRH Antagonists Cetrorelix, ganire
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This drug was used in 1960s as a se
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Multiple Choice Questions Chemother
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37. Which of the following statemen
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Page 685 and 686: CHAPTER 16 Immunomodulators IMMUNOS
Page 687 and 688: Immunomodulators 9. Antibodies Poly
Page 689 and 690: Immunomodulators Examples of each t
Page 691 and 692: Immunomodulators Clinical Diagnosis
Page 693 and 694: (b) Podophylline (c) Interferon (d)
Page 695 and 696: (c) Cytarabine (d) Cycloserine 51.
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Page 703 and 704: CHAPTER 17 Other Topics and Adverse
Page 705 and 706: Other Topics and Adverse Effects Co
Page 711 and 712: 17. A 2 years old child without fev
Page 713 and 714: 54. Isotretinoin is: (PGI June, 200
Page 715 and 716: Other Topics and Adverse Effects (c
Page 717: Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Page 723 and 724: Other Topics and Adverse Effects 55
Page 725 and 726: Other Topics and Adverse Effects Dr
Page 727 and 728: CHAPTER 18 Drugs of Choice Drug of
Page 729 and 730: Drugs of Choice Contd... Hypertensi
Page 731 and 732: Contd... VRSA LINEZOLID/STREPTOGRAM
Page 733 and 734: CHAPTER 19 New Drugs 1. Abatacept:
Page 735 and 736: New Drugs 52. Canakinumab: A human
Page 737 and 738: New Drugs 100. Ecallantide: A plasm
Page 739 and 740: New Drugs 153. Laronidase: Recombin
Page 741 and 742: New Drugs 204. Peginesatide: A pept
Page 743 and 744: New Drugs been approved for the tre
Page 745 and 746: New Drugs and B lymphocytes after e
Page 747 and 748: New Drugs prevents nausea and vomit
Page 749 and 750: CHAPTER 20 Recent Topics TRICYCLIC
Page 751 and 752: Recent Topics 2. Drugs 5-HT 2 recep
Page 753 and 754: Recent Topics Arginine NOS NO + Cit
Page 755 and 756: Recent Topics Contd... Drug Tetracy
Page 757 and 758: Recent Topics -- If the patient has
Page 759 and 760: CHAPTER 21 Latest Papers AIIMS Nove
Page 761 and 762: Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
Page 763 and 764: • Clindamycin and erythromycin ar
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Page 767 and 768: Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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13. Ans. a. Hypokalemia (Ref: Harri
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NOTES _____________________________
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Image Based Questions https://kat.c
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Image Based Questions 1. The result
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5. A new antiarrhythmic drug is fou
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10. Amarnath, a 58 year old busines
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14. A 72-year-old male, Hemraj was
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(rapid vs slow induction of anesthe
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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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