Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
22. Ans. (b) Omalizumab – Colon carcinoma; (c) Rituximab – Rheumatoid arthritis; (e) Palivizumab – Psoriasis (Ref: KDT
6/e p610)
• Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody against Gp IIb/IIIa receptors. It is used as an antiplatelet drug in PTCA and
cardiac transplants.
• Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IgE. It is used for bronchail asthma.
• Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD 20. It is mainly used for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It can also be
used for rheumatoid arthritis.
• Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against her 2/neu gene. It is used for breast carcinoma.
• Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody used against respiratory syncytial virus.
23. Ans. (b) Erythema nodosum leprosum (Ref: KDT 6/e p756)
24. Ans. (c) Macrolide antibiotic (Ref: Katzung 11/e p972)
• Tacrolimus is also known as FK-506. It is an immunosuppressant macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces
tsukubaensis.
• Muromonab CD3 is also known as OKT3. It is a monoclonal antibody against CD3 cells.
25. Ans. (a) Hypertension; (c) Hirsutism; (d) Nephrotoxicity (e) Hyperkalemia (Ref: KDT 6/e p840)
Immunomodulators
Adverse effect of cyclosporine are :
• Nephrotoxicity
• Increased BP
• Hyperglycemia
• Anorexia
• Hyperkalemia
• Hirsutism
• Gum hyperplasia
• Tremors and seizures
26. Ans. (b) Cyclosporine; (d) Tacrolimus (Ref: KDT 6/e p838)
• Cyclosporine and tacrolimus inhibits antigen stimulated activation and proliferation of helper cells as well as
expression of IL-2.
• Cycloserine is an antitubercular drug that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
• OKT3 – is monoclonal antibody. It activates T cells non specifically and releases cytokines, specially TNF-α
27. Ans. (a) Azathioprine (Ref: KDT 6/e p840)
• Immunosuppressants are used in organ transplantation to prevent the rejection. Most commonly used agents for this
purpose are glucocorticoids.
• Azathioprine is a nucleotide derivative that can be used as an immunosuppressant.
• 5-Fluorouracil and cytarabine are also nucleotide derivatives but these are used for the treatment of cancers.
• Allopurinol is used to decrease the production of uric acid. It has no role in renal transplantation.
28. Ans. (c) Inhibition of gene transcription of interleukins (Ref: KDT 6/e p838, 839, 840)
• Cyclosporine and tacrolimus acts by inhibiting calcineurin, which is involved in the activation of NFAT. Final result
of this process is increased transcription of IL-2 gene.
• Sirolimus does not inhibit the transcription of IL-2 but interferes with its action. It inhibits the enzyme tyrosine kinase,
known as mTOR (which is activated by IL-2).
29. Ans. (d) Thrombocytopenia (Ref: KDT 6/e p840)
• Cyclosporine and tacrolimus cause nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect.
• Sirolimus (rapamycin) results in bone marrow suppression and thus may cause anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
30. Ans. (a) Aldesleukin (Ref: Katzung 10/e p906)
Recombinant IL-2 (aldesleukin) is used for the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
31. Ans. (b) Palivizumab (Ref: Katzung 10/e p816)
For nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies, refer to text.
32. Ans. (c) Azathioprine (Ref: KDT 6/e p819, 820, 838)
Azathioprine is an antimetabolite that is used as an immunosuppresant but not as an anti-neoplastic drug. It is a prodrug
and is converted to its active metabolite (6-mercaptopurine) in the lymphoid cells only.
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