Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
Drugs for Absence Seizures
• Ethosuximide
• Sodium valproate
• Lamotrigine
• Trimethadione
• Clonazepam
Drugs for Myoclonic Seizures
• Valproate
• Lamotrigine
• Topiramate
• Clonazepam
• Felbamate
DrugS of Choice for Various Seizures
Absence seizures
GTCS (Grand mal)
Partial seizures
Myoclonic seizures
Atonic (Akinetic) seizures
Tonic seizures
Clonic seizures
Infantile spasms
Infantile spasms with tuberous sclerosis
Febrile seizures
Status epilepticus
Seizures in eclampsia
– Valproate
– Valproate
– Carbamazepine
– Valproate
– Valproate
– Valproate
– Valproate
– ACTH
– Vigabatrin
– Diazepam (per rectal)
– Lorazepam (i.v.)
– Magnesium sulphate
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
Central Nervous System
It is a difficult-to-treat form of childhood-onset epilepsy that most often appears between
2 to 6 years of age. It is characterized by frequent occurrence of different seizure types
associated with developmental delay and psychological and behavioural problems.
EEG shows characteristic slow spike-wave complexes. First-line drugs for treatment are
rufinamide, valproate and benzodiazepines (clonazepam and clobazam). Second-line
drugs are felbamate and topiramate
Drugs for Psychiatric Illness
Two major types of psychiatric disorders are psychosis and neurosis.
Psychosis: Patient is not aware of his illness (insight is absent) and refuses to take
treatment. It includes major psychosis like schizophrenia as well as mood disorders (like
mania, depression and bipolar disorder).
Neurosis: It is less serious and insight is present. It includes anxiety, obsessive compulsive
disorder (OCD), phobias, eating disorders and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Antipsychotic Drugs
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness and is thought to be due to dopaminergic overactivity
in the limbic system of brain. Other neurotransmitters like 5-HT and NA also probably
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