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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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<strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacology</strong><br />

6. Ans. (a) 2 mEq/L (Ref: KDT 7th/449, Katzung 12th/517)<br />

Important serum levels <strong>of</strong> lithium<br />

For bipolar disorder 0.5–0.8 mEq/L<br />

For acute mania<br />

0.8–1.2 mEq/L<br />

Lithium toxicity > 2 mEq /L<br />

Dialysis done if level > 4 m Eq/L<br />

7. Ans. (b) Acute dystonia (Ref: Harrison 18th/3544)<br />

Acute muscular dystonia is the earliest appearing extrapyramidal symptom caused by antipsychotic drugs like haloperidol.<br />

8. Ans. (a) Prop<strong>of</strong>ol (Ref: Katzung 12th/440)<br />

Prop<strong>of</strong>ol is drug <strong>of</strong> choice for day care surgery.<br />

9. Ans. (c) Polygeline (Ref: KDT 7th/645)<br />

Dextran-40 Dextra-70 Polygeline Hetastarch<br />

• Mol. wt.-40,000 • Mol. wt.-70,000 • Mol. wt.-30,000 • Mol. wt. 4.5 Lac<br />

• Expands plasma for < 24<br />

hours<br />

• Expands plasma for 24<br />

hours<br />

• Expands plasma for 12<br />

hours<br />

• Stable for 10 years • Stable for 10 years • Stable for 3 years<br />

• Interfere with blood grouping<br />

and cross matching (BGCM)<br />

• Interfere with coagulation and<br />

platelet function<br />

• Interfere with BGCM • Do not interfere with<br />

BGCM<br />

• Most commonly used<br />

• Expands plasma for > 24<br />

hours<br />

• Interfere with BGCM<br />

Latest Papers<br />

10. Ans. (d) Hypothyroidism (Ref. CMDT <strong>2015</strong>/609-610)<br />

• Long-term use <strong>of</strong> proton pump inhibitors may lead to<br />

––<br />

Mild to moderate decrease in vitamin B 12<br />

, iron and calcium absorption.<br />

––<br />

Increased risk <strong>of</strong> enteric infections including C. difficile and bacterial gastroenteritis.<br />

––<br />

Modest increase in risk <strong>of</strong> hip fractures.<br />

––<br />

Modest increase in risk <strong>of</strong> pneumonia.<br />

11. Ans. (b) Beta lactams (Ref. Katzung 12th/907-908)<br />

Friends, this question has been unnecessarily made controversial by giving different answers in different books for competitive<br />

exams. Please try to search for the references provided in those books. Now coming to explanation:<br />

• The terms time dependent killing (TDK) and concentration dependent killing (CDK) are applicable only for cidal<br />

drugs. Beta lactams and vancomycin follow TDK whereas aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones follow CDK.<br />

• Long post-antibiotic effect is shown by most <strong>of</strong> the drugs against gram positive bacteria (including aminoglycosides,<br />

beta lactams, clindamycin and macrolides) but few drugs have long PAE against gram negative bacteria. The table<br />

given in katzung is modified as:<br />

750<br />

https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/

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