Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
New Drugs
177. Mifepristone: A small-molecule progesterone and glucocorticoid antagonist has now been approved to control
hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adults with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type II
diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery.
178. Milnacipran: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for the management of fibromyalgia.
179. Miltefosine and Sitamaquine: New drugs for the treatment of kala azar.
180. Miltefosine: It possess in vitro activity against the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania species. It is
specifically indicated for adults and adolescents >12 years of age for oral treatment of: visceral leishmaniasis due to
Leishmania donovani, cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania guyanensis, and Leishmania
panamensis and mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis
181. Mipomersen: An anti-sense oligonucleotide inhibitor of mRNA of apolipoprotein B-100 synthesis indicated for the
treatment of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. It is administered as a weekly injection.
182. Mirabegron: It is a selective beta-3 adrenoceptor (Beta3-AR) agonist. The drug activates Beta3-ARs on the detrusor muscle
of the bladder to facilitate filling of the bladder and storage of urine. It is specifically indicated for the oral treatment of
overactive bladder (OAB) with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency.
183. Mirtazapine: Newer antidepressant drug also known as nor-adrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NSSA)
It acts by inhibiting presynaptic auto- and hetero-a2 receptors.
184. Mizolastine, Ebastine and Acrivastine: Newer second generation antihistaminics.
185. Moxonidine and Rilmenidine: Longer acting imidazoline receptor agonists (that modulate a2 activity) useful in the
treatment of hypertension (similiar to clonidine).
186. Natalizumab: Monoclonal antibody used for the managment of multiple sclerosis.
187. Nesiritide: Recombinant BNP useful in CHF.
188. Nikkomycin: Antifungal drug acting via the inhibition of chitin synthesis.
189. Obinutuzumab: It is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 subclass. It is specifically indicated for use
in combination with chlorambucil for the treatment of patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
190. Ocriplasmin: It is an alpha-2 antiplasmin reducer. It is a truncated form of the natural human protein plasmin. Ocriplasmin
has proteolytic activity against protein components of the vitreous body and the vitreoretinal interface, thereby dissolving
the protein matrix responsible for the vitreomacular adhesion. It is specifically indicated for the treatment of symptomatic
vitreomacular adhesion by intravitreal injection.
191. Octreotide, Vapreotide, Seglitide and Lanreotide: Long acting somatostatin analogs useful for acromegaly, secretory
diarrhoea and esophageal varices.
192. Ofatumumab: A CD-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of patients with chronic
lymphocytic leukemia.
193. Olopatadine: An antihistamine nasal spray for the treatment of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and
adolescents twelve years of age and older.
194. Omacetaxine: It is a first-in-class small molecule drug for the treatment of adult patients with chronic or accelerated
phase CML. It inhibits protein translation by preventing the initial elongation step of protein synthesis. It interacts with
the ribosomal A-site and prevents the correct positioning of amino acid side chains of incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs.
195. Omapatrilat and Sampatrilat: Vasopeptidase inhibitors (inhibit two enzymes; ACE and NEP) useful in CHF.
196. OnabotulinumtoxinA: Botulinum toxin indicated to prevent headaches in adult patients with chronic migraine To treat
chronic migraines, it is given approximately every 12 weeks as multiple injections around the head and neck to try to dull
future headache symptoms It has not been shown to work for the treatment of migraine headaches that occur 14 days or
less per month, or for other forms of headache.
197. Oprelvekin: Recombinant IL-11 useful for the treatment and prevention of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia.
198. Ospemifene: It is a SERM indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse),
a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy due to menopause. It acts similar to estrogen the vaginal epithelium building
vaginal wall thickness which in turn reduces the pain associated with dyspareunia. The boxed warning of the medication
indicates that the drug may thicken the endometrium which could lead to unusual bleeding and endometrial cancer.
199. Palifermin: Keratinocyte growth factor for oral mucositis.
200. Paliperidone: Metabolite of risperidone developed as a seperate drug for schizophrenia.
201. Palivizumab: Monoclonal antibody used for RSV infections.
202. Pasireotide: An orphan drug approved for the treatment of Cushing’s disease in patients who fail or are ineligible
for surgical therapy. It is a somatostatin analog (like octreotide) which has a 40-fold increased affinity to somatostatin
receptor 5 than other somatostatin analogs.
203. Pazopanib: A multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor against VEGF receptor -1, -2, and-3, PDGF receptor-α, β, and c-kit
indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
728
https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/