Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Other Topics and Adverse Effects
55. Ans. (a) Dapsone; (c) Arsenic; (d) Lead (Ref: Harrison/2067, 2068, 2503, 2504)
• Dapsone, a dermatologic agent used for leprosy, causes dose related pure motor neuropathy.
• Arsenic causes both motor and sensory neuropathy.
• Inorganic lead causes selective motor neuropathy with prominent wrist drop.
• Cisplatin causes severe sensory sensory neuropathy.
• In hypothyroidism, carpal function with stiffness, cramps and pain. Myopathy, with muscle swelling, is more
common.
56. Ans. (b) Rifampicin; (e) Riboflavin (Ref: KDT 6/e p742)
• Rifampicin causes discolouratino of urine and other body secretions which becomes orange-red.
• Riboflavin (vit. B 2
) is a yellow coloured flavone compound. In high doses, it is excreted unchanged in urine, giving
urine a yellow colour.
• Mepacrine is an antimalarial drug which is also active against Giardia and tape worms. It is a yellow powder; long
term use discolours skin and eye, but not urine.
• Thiamine (vit. B 1
) is a colourless compound and donot discolour urine.
• INH metabolites are excreted in urine, but donot discolour urine.
57. Ans. (b) Warfarin; (c) Valproic acid; (d) Steroids; (e) Phenytoin (Ref: KDT 5/e p76)
• Heparin does not cross placental barrier.
• Fetal malformation with different drugs are given below:
––
Warfarin → ‘Chondrodysplasia punctata’ – Craniofacial abnormality known as contradi syndrome.
––
Valproic acid → Neural tube defect, spina bifida
––
Phenytoin → ‘Fetal hydantoin syndrome’: hypoplastic phalanges, cleft lip, cleft palate, microcephaly.
––
Steroid → Maternal and fetal adrenal hypoplasia, cleft palate/lip, cardiac defects.
58. Ans. (a) Gold; (d) Ibuprofen; (e) Captopril (Ref: Harshmohan 5/e p435)
• Drugs causing nephrotic syndrome – Gold, penicillamine, captopril, NSAIDs (here ibuprofen), phenindione,
probenecid, ketoprofen.
• Amphotericin causes renal tubular acidosis with hypokalemia.
• Rifampicin can be safely used in renal failure.
59. Ans. (a) Hydralazine; (b) Procainamide; (d) Methysergide (Ref: Harrison 17/e p1493)
• Drugs causing pericarditis are:
––
Procainamide – Hydralazine – Phenytoin
––
Isoniazid – Methysergide – Minoxidil
––
Anti co-agulants
• Amiodarone causes myocardial depression.
60. Ans. (a) Vit-C; (b) Vit-E; (c) Vit-A; (d) Glutathione (Ref: Harper’/649)
The free radical scavengers along with the free radical are given below:
Reactive species
Anti-oxidants
O 2
Singlet oxygen Vit. A, β-carotene, Vit. E
O – 2
Superoxide radical Superoxide dismutase, Vit. E, β-carotene
OH
Hydroxyl free radical
RO Alkoxyl free radical Vit. E, Vit. C
ROO Peroxyl free radical Catalase, glutathione peroxidase
H 2
O 2
Hydrogen peroxide Glutathione peroxidase
LOOH
Lipid peroxides
Other General Topics and Pharmacology
Adverse Effects
61. Ans. (b) Topical 5FU (Ref: CMDT-2010/113)
Solar (actinic) keratosis is treated by application of liquid nitrogen. Alternative treatment is 5-FU. Imiquimod cream can
also be used.
62. Ans. (d) Alpha methyl dopa (Ref: CMDT-2010/262, Katzung 11/e p943)
Drugs causing interstitial lung disease are:
• Amiodarone • Methotrexate • Nitrofurantoin
• Nitrosourceas • Sulfonamides • Gold salts
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