Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Review of Pharmacology
• Use of thalidomide in mother during pregnancy
• Use of cocaine in mother during pregnancy
145. Ans. (c) Phenylephrine (Ref: Harrison 17/e p299; KDT 6/e p295-296)
• Phenylephrine is an α-agonist and will cause vasoconstriction therefore not used in erectile dysfunction where vasodilation
of penile vessels is required.
• Other drugs given in the option are used for this condition
• For further details, see chapter 19.
146. Ans. (a) Aspirin (Ref: KDT 6/e p185)
Covalent interaction means irreversible inhibition of the enzyme. Aspirin irreversibly acetylates the cox enzyme.
147. Ans. (b) Epinephrine inj (Ref: KDT 6/e p128)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock. It is given by s.c. or i.m. route in a concentration of
1:1000. Intravenous route is rarely used but at much lower (1:10,000) concentration.
148. Ans. (c) Bosentan (Ref: Katzung 10/e p287)
• Bosentan is a non-specific antagonist of endothelin receptors (both ET A
and ET B
). It is useful for the treatment of primary
pulmonary hypertension.
• Omapatrilat is a vasopeptidase inhibitor used for the treatment of CHF.
149. Ans. (b) Arginine (See below)
• NOS normally metabolizes arginine to NO and citrulline.
Arginine → Citrulline + NO
• No is a potent vasodilator that acts by increasing cGMP.
Autacoids
150. Ans. (b). Colchicine (Ref: KK Sharma 2/e p356)
This patient’s acute onset pain and swelling of the right first metatarsophalangeal joint and joint aspirate showing needleshaped
negatively birefringent crystals indicate that he most likely has acute gouty arthritis. Colchicine is an effective antiinflammatory
agent in acute gouty arthritis but commonly result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and myopathy as adverse
effects.
151. Ans. (b) cGMP (Ref: KDT 6/e p524)
152. Ans. (b) PGI 2
(Ref: KDT 6/e p176)
153. Ans. (b) Endothelin receptor antagonist (Ref: Katzung 11/e p304)
Answers of recent Questions asked by National Board
1. Ans (a) Anti anxiety drugs (Ref. KDT 7th/174)
2. Ans (b) Cyclooxygenase (Ref. KDT 7th/195)
3. Ans (b) Vincristine (Ref. KDT 7th/210)
4. Ans (d) Palliative treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (Ref. KDT 7th/189-190)
5. Ans (a) Gout (Ref. KDT 7th/217)
6. Ans (a) Aspirin (Ref. KDT 7th/195)
7. Ans (b) Paracetamol (Ref. KDT 7th/206)
8. Ans (b) Ondansetron (Ref. KDT 7th/175)
9. Ans (c) PGF2 alpha (Ref. KDT 7th/190)
10. Ans. (c) Decrease gastric acid secretion (Ref: KDT 6/e p160)
11. Ans. (d) Patent ductus arteriosus (Ref: KDT 6/e p181-182)
In PDA, drugs decreasing PGs are used.
12. Ans. (b) Diclofenac sodium (Ref: KDT 6/e p193)
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